You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition
and results of operations together with the section entitled "Selected Financial
Data" and our audited financial statements and related notes included elsewhere
in this report. This discussion and other parts of this report contain
forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties, such as our
plans, objectives, expectations, intentions and beliefs. Our actual results
could differ materially from those discussed in these forward-looking
statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include,
but are not limited to, those identified below and those discussed in the
section entitled "Risk Factors" included elsewhere in this report.
Overview
We are a biotechnology company engaged in researching and developing
therapeutics to slow, halt, or reverse diseases of aging. Our initial focus is
on creating senolytic medicines to selectively eliminate senescent cells and
thereby treat diseases of aging, such as ophthalmologic diseases.
In July 2020, we filed an Investigational New Drug application, or IND, to
commence a Phase 1, first-in-human, open-label, single-ascending dose study of
UBX1325 in patients with advanced diabetic macular edema, or DME, and
neovascular age-related macular degeneration, or nAMD. Our goal with UBX1325 is
to transformationally improve outcomes for patients with DME, nAMD, and diabetic
retinopathy, or DR. In October 2020, the Phase 1, first-in-human, clinical study
of UBX1325 commenced. That study, an open-label, single ascending dose clinical
trial, evaluated doses from 0.5 - 10 µg administered as a single intra-vitreal
injection in up to 8 patients with DME and 11 patients with nAMD all of whom had
been off all anti-VEGF treatment due to lack of benefit for at least 6 months.
The results of this study demonstrated acceptable safety and tolerability
without any dose-limiting toxicities; no evidence of intraocular inflammation;
and mean improvement in BCVA of up to 9.5 ETDRS letters in those patients with
DME receiving higher doses (5 and 10 µg) and a mean improvement in BCVA of 3.2
ETDRS letters in evaluable patients with nAMD at all doses, both at 24 weeks
after treatment with UBX1325.
In May 2021, we initiated Phase 2 of the BEHOLD study and dosed our first
patient in June 2021. This study is a multi-center, randomized, double-masked,
sham- controlled study designed to evaluate the safety, tolerability, efficacy
and durability of a single 10 µg dose of UBX1325 in patients with DME evaluated
though 24 weeks. Patients have the option of rolling over to a 48-week long term
extension and a majority of patients who have completed their 24-week visits
have opted to remain in the study. A total of 65 patients were enrolled,
randomized evenly between UBX1325 and sham-injected patients. These patients
were being actively treated with anti-VEGF for at least 6 months prior to being
randomized into the BEHOLD study (mean of 4.03 injections in the 6 months
preceding randomization), and had persistent visual acuity deficits (73 ETDRS
letters or worse, approximately 20/40 or worse, mean of 61.4 letters at
baseline) and residual retinal fluid (?300 µm of central subfield thickness on
optical coherence tomography, mean of approximately 439.6 µm). At the time of
randomization, patients were taken off of their anti-VEGF treatment, and instead
treated with UBX1325 or a sham procedure. Endpoints being explored in the study
include safety and tolerability, changes in BCVA, CST, SRF/IRF, proportion of
patients requiring rescue treatment, and durability of effects.
In August 2022, we announced positive 12- and 18-week data in our Phase 2 BEHOLD
study of UBX1325 in patients with DME, including that a single injection of
UBX1325 led to a progressive, statistically significant, and clinically
meaningful improvement in mean best-corrected visual acuity compared to sham
treatment. At Week 18, the mean change from baseline of BCVA for UBX1325-treated
subjects was an increase of 6.1 ETDRS letters that represents a difference of
+5.0 ETDRS letters compared to sham-treated subjects (p=0.0368). In addition,
patients treated with UBX1325 maintained central subfield thickness (CST) (+3.2
microns) compared to sham-treated patients who had progressive worsening
(increase) in CST through 18 weeks (+53.5 microns) (p=0.0719).
In November 2022, we announced positive 24-week data in our BEHOLD study,
showing that a single injection of UBX1325 led to a statistically significant
and clinically meaningful improvement in BCVA of +6.2 ETDRS letters from
baseline and +7.6 ETDRS letters compared to sham treatment (p=0.0084). Inclusive
of rescue data, patients treated with UBX1325 had a mean improvement in BCVA of
+6.4 ETDRS letters from baseline and +5.2 ETDRS letters compared to sham
(p=0.0068). At 24 weeks, patients treated with UBX1325 had a mean change
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in CST of -5.4 microns from baseline compared to a worsening (increase) of +34.6
microns in sham-treated patients (p=0.1244). The proportion of rescue-free
patients at 24 weeks was greater on UBX1325 (59.4%) as compared to sham (37.5%)
with fewer total rescues and longer time-to-rescue in UBX1325-treated patients
as compared to sham. UBX1325 demonstrated a favorable safety and tolerability
profile with no cases of intraocular inflammation, retinal artery occlusion,
endophthalmitis, or vasculitis. Patients will continue to be followed through 48
weeks post-treatment in a long-term follow-up, with data expected in the second
quarter of 2023.
In March 2022, we enrolled our first patient in Phase 2 of the ENVISION study.
As of September 2022, the study has completed enrollment of patients with nAMD
who have had at least two intravitreal injections of anti-VEGF therapy in the
preceding six months and who still have active choroidal neovascularization and
residual sub- or intra-retinal fluid. Patients will have received their last
anti-VEGF treatment approximately 4-8 weeks prior to screening, and all patients
will be followed for approximately 24 weeks after dosing with either UBX1325 or
aflibercept. We expect to announce both 16-week and 24-week data from this Phase
2 proof-of-concept study in nAMD in late March 2023. In addition, we amended the
Phase 2 ENVISION study including a Part B portion of the study to explore the
benefit of a second cycle of two doses of UBX1325 treatment 4 weeks apart,
administered at Weeks 24 and 28 and the potential benefit of combination
treatment with anti-VEGF therapy at Weeks 24 and 32 with all patients followed
through Week 48. Data from Part B of the 48-week extension study is expected in
the third quarter of 2023.
In February 2022, we announced a restructuring to align resources to focus on
our ongoing clinical programs and deliver on key development milestones. These
actions to prioritize our ophthalmology programs and implement cost saving
measures were designed to enable us to achieve multiple key clinical data
readouts for UBX1325 as well as support the Tie2 and Tie2/VEGF bispecific
program through advanced candidate nomination, with all other pipeline programs
paused to focus resources on these advanced programs.
Since the commencement of our operations, we have invested a significant portion
of our efforts and financial resources in research and development activities,
and we have incurred net losses each year since inception. Our net losses were
$59.9 million and $60.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021,
respectively. We do not have any products approved for sale, and we have never
generated any product revenue. As of December 31, 2022, we had an accumulated
deficit of $460.0 million, and we do not expect positive cash flows from
operations in the foreseeable future.
Substantially all of our net losses have resulted from costs incurred in
connection with our research and development programs and from general and
administrative costs associated with our operations. Based on our current
operating plans, we expect our existing capital resources will fund our planned
operating expenses into the first quarter of 2024, which is expected to fund key
clinical data readouts for UBX1325. Our capital resources will fund operations
less than 12 months from the date of this Annual Report, as a result we
concluded that this circumstance raises substantial doubt about our ability to
continue as a going concern. We will need to raise additional capital; however,
adequate funding may not be available to us on acceptable terms, or at all,
particularly in light of the current economic uncertainty, high interest rates,
rising inflation, the government closure of Silicon Valley Bank and liquidity
concerns at other financial institutions, and the potential for local and/or
global economic recession. We expect to continue to look for opportunities to
secure such financing in the near future, in addition to using our existing 2022
ATM Offering Programs (as defined below). If sufficient funds on acceptable
terms are not available when needed, we could be required to significantly
reduce our operating expenses and delay, reduce the scope of, or eliminate one
or more of our development programs.
We expect to continue to incur net operating losses for at least the next
several years as we continue our research and development efforts, advance our
drug candidates through preclinical and clinical development, seek regulatory
approval, prepare for and, if approved, proceed to commercialization. We do not
expect to generate revenue from any drug candidates that we develop until we
obtain regulatory approval for one or more of such drug candidates and
commercialize our products or enter into collaborative agreements with third
parties.
We rely on third parties in the conduct of our preclinical studies and clinical
trials and for manufacturing and supply of our drug candidates. We have no
internal manufacturing capabilities, and we will continue to rely on third
parties, many of whom are single-source suppliers, for our preclinical and
clinical trial materials, as well as the commercial supply of our products. In
addition, we do not yet have a marketing or sales organization or commercial
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infrastructure. Accordingly, we will incur significant expenses to develop a
marketing and sales organization and commercial infrastructure in advance of
generating any product sales.
COVID-19 Update
The COVID-19 pandemic has placed strains on the providers of healthcare
services, including the healthcare institutions, clinical research
organizations, or CROs, and Institutional Review Boards under whose auspices we
conduct our clinical trials. These strains have resulted in limits on the
initiation of new clinical trials, slowing or halting enrollment in existing
trials and restrictions placed upon on-site monitoring activities of clinical
trials. Prior to the initiation of our Phase 1 and Phase 2 studies of UBX1325,
we amended the clinical study protocols to enable remote data collection for
clinical sites that were limited in their ability to conduct study visits in
person, for either site or patient safety reasons. We also instituted remote
data source verification procedures to limit the extent that on-site monitoring
was required.
Although we rely on third party manufacturers to supply UBX1325, there have been
no disruptions in our supply chain of drug manufacturers necessary to conduct
our Phase 1 and Phase 2 studies of UBX1325, and we believe we have sufficient
supply of drug inventories to complete our current studies in ophthalmologic
disease.
Reverse Stock Split
On October 18, 2022, at a special meeting of stockholders, or the Special
Meeting, our stockholders approved a proposal authorizing our board of
directors, in its discretion, to effect a reverse stock split of our outstanding
shares of common stock at a ratio ranging from 1-for-6 to 1-for-12 to be
determined by the board of directors in its discretion following the Special
Meeting and prior to the Company's annual meeting of stockholders to be held in
2023. On October 19, 2022, our board of directors approved a 1-for-10 reverse
stock split of our outstanding common stock. A Certificate of Amendment to the
Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation effecting the reverse stock
split was filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware on October
19, 2022 and the reverse stock split became effective at 5:00 p.m., Eastern
Time, on October 19, 2022. At the effective time, every 10 shares of common
stock issued and outstanding was automatically reclassified into one new share
common stock without any action on the part of the holders. No fractional shares
of common stock were issued in the reverse stock split, but in lieu thereof,
each holder of common stock who would otherwise have been entitled to a fraction
of a share in the reverse stock split received a cash payment. Proportionate
adjustments were made to the exercise prices and the number of shares underlying
the Company's outstanding equity awards, as applicable, and warrants exercisable
for shares of common stock, as well as to the number of shares issuable under
the Company's equity incentive plans and certain existing agreements. The common
stock issued pursuant to the reverse stock split remain fully paid and
non-assessable. The reverse stock split affected all stockholders of our common
stock uniformly, and did not affect any stockholder's percentage of ownership
interest. Unless otherwise noted, all share and per share information included
in this Annual Report on Form 10-K has been adjusted to give effect to the
reverse stock split.
The reverse stock split did not affect the number of authorized shares of common
stock or the par value of our common stock.
Components of Our Results of Operations
Research and Development Expenses
Research and development expenses consist primarily of costs incurred for the
development of our drug candidates, which include:
•
personnel-related expenses, including salaries, benefits, severance, and
stock-based compensation for personnel contributing to research and development
activities;
•
laboratory expenses including supplies and services;
•
clinical trial expenses;
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•
expenses incurred under agreements with third-party contract manufacturing
organizations, contract research organizations, research and development service
providers, academic research institutions, and consultants;
•
expenses related to license and sponsored research agreements; and
•
facilities and other allocated expenses, including expenses for rent and
facilities maintenance, and depreciation and amortization.
We expect our research and development expenses to increase as we advance our
drug candidates into and through preclinical and clinical trials and pursue
regulatory approval of our drug candidates. The process of conducting the
clinical trials required to obtain regulatory approval is costly and
time-consuming. Clinical trials generally become larger and more costly to
conduct as they advance into later stages and we are required to make estimates
for expense accruals related to clinical trial expenses. The actual probability
of success for our drug candidates may be affected by a variety of factors
including: the safety and efficacy of our drug candidates, early clinical data,
investment in our clinical program, the ability of collaborators, if any, to
successfully develop any drug candidates we license to them, competition,
manufacturing capability and commercial viability. We may never succeed in
achieving regulatory approval for any of our drug candidates. Program costs that
are direct external expenses are tracked on a program-by-program basis once they
enter clinical studies. As a result of the uncertainties discussed above, we are
unable to determine the duration and completion costs of our research and
development projects or when and to what extent we will generate revenue from
the commercialization and sale of our drug candidates.
General and Administrative Expenses
Our general and administrative expenses consist primarily of personnel costs,
allocated facilities costs and other expenses for outside professional services,
including legal, audit and accounting services, and depreciation and
amortization expense related to property and equipment. Personnel costs consist
of salaries, benefits, severance, and stock-based compensation. We expect to
continue to incur additional expenses associated with operating as a public
company, including expenses related to compliance with the rules and regulations
of the Securities and Exchange Commission and standards applicable to companies
listed on a national securities exchange, additional insurance expenses,
investor relations activities, and other administrative and professional
services.
Change Fair Value of Contingent Consideration
Certain of our license agreements include contingent consideration in the form
of additional issuances of our common stock based on the achievement of certain
milestones. For asset acquisitions, we assess whether such contingent
consideration obligation meets the definition of a derivative and/or can be
equity classified, until such time that the contingency or equity classification
criteria is met or expires. We have recorded a liability related to contingent
consideration as the net settlement criteria of the definition of a derivative
had been met and equity classification criteria had not been met. The derivative
related to this contingent consideration was measured at fair value as of each
balance sheet date with the related change in fair value being reflected in
operating results. Gains or losses on contingent consideration expense is driven
by changes in the estimated fair value of the liability, which is determined
using a probability-weighted valuation approach model that reflects the
probability and timing of future issuances of our common shares.
Interest Income
Interest income is primarily related to interest earned on our marketable
securities.
Interest Expense
Interest expense relates to interest on the Loan Agreement entered into on
August 3, 2020.
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Other Income (Expense), Net
We held an equity investment in an entity called Ascentage Pharma Group
International, or Ascentage International, an affiliate of a Hong Kong based
clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company called Ascentage Pharma Group Corp.
Limited. In October 2019, Ascentage International completed an initial public
offering of shares of its common stock on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange.
Following the initial public offering, the underlying nature of our investment
in Ascentage International changed and met the definition of an investment in an
equity security with a readily determinable fair value to be measured at fair
value on a recurring basis, based on quoted stock prices available on the Hong
Kong Stock Exchange. During the year ended December 31, 2020, we sold our entire
equity investment in Ascentage International. Other income (expense) in 2020
includes the recognized losses resulting from the sale of the investment in this
equity security and the previous changes in fair value, while other expense in
2021 includes the commitment share expenses related to the equity purchase
agreement with Lincoln Park Capital Fund and the debt extinguishment gain from
the conversion of debt to equity. Other income during the year ended December
31, 2022 includes the recognized gains resulting from the extinguishment of the
derivative related to long term debt offset by property and other tax expense.
Results of Operations
Comparison of the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021
The following table sets forth the significant components of our results of
operations (in thousands):
Year ended December 31,
2022 2021 Change
Summary of Operations Data:
Licensing revenue - related party $ 236 $ 4,784 $ (4,548 )
Operating expenses:
Research and development 36,859 38,393 (1,534 )
General and administrative 20,949 23,056 (2,107 )
Total operating expenses 57,808 61,449 (3,641 )
Loss from operations (57,572 ) (56,665 ) (907 )
Interest income 1,220 100 1,120
Interest expense (3,558 ) (3,177 ) (381 )
Other income (expense), net (17 ) (983 ) 966
Net loss $ (59,927 ) $ (60,725 ) $ 798
Licensing Revenue - Related Party
In December 2021, we entered into a licensing agreement with Jocasta
Neuroscience, Inc. ("Jocasta") pursuant to which we exclusively licensed all of
our rights to UBX2089, our ?-Klotho asset. The agreement provided for an upfront
fee of $5.0 million. We recognized revenue of $0.2 million and $4.8 million for
the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, related to the grant
of license and delivery of the know-how performance obligation under the License
Agreement entered into with Jocasta in December 2021.
Research and Development
Research and development expenses decreased by $1.5 million, to $36.9 million
for the year ended December 31, 2022 from $38.4 million for the year ended
December 31, 2021. The decrease was primarily due to decreases of $3.3 million
in facilities-related costs primarily due to allocation to general and
administrative expenses of net expenses on Brisbane and East Grand facilities
which have been subleased, $2.6 million in personnel costs due to our reduced
headcount and reduction in force, and $1.8 million in laboratory supplies,
partially offset by an increase of
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$6.2 million in direct research and development expenses mainly due to the
continued advancement of our lead UBX1325 candidates.
General and Administrative
General and administrative expenses decreased by $2.1 million, to $21.0 million
for the year ended December 31, 2022 from $23.1 million for the year ended
December 31, 2021. The decrease was primarily due to decreases of $1.4 million
in personnel costs due to our reduced headcount and reduction in force, $0.4
million in professional fees, and $0.3 million in facilities-related costs.
Interest Income
Our interest income was $1.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, as
compared to $0.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. The increase is
primarily attributable to higher market yields and increased cash balances on
our cash equivalents and marketable securities.
Interest Expense
Our interest expense of $3.5 million and $3.2 million for the years ended
December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, is related to the Loan Agreement.
Other Income (Expense), Net
Other income, net, was immaterial for the year ended December 31, 2022 which
includes the $0.2 million in recognized gains resulting from the extinguishment
of the derivative related to long term debt and $0.1 million from the gains on
sale of assets, offset by $0.3 million property and other tax expense. Other
expense, net, was $1.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 which
includes $0.8 million commitment share expenses related to the equity purchase
agreement with Lincoln Park Capital Fund and $0.3 million property and other tax
expense, partially offset by $0.2 million gain from the extinguishment of the
derivative related to long term debt and the sale of assets.
Comparison of the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020
The following table sets forth the significant components of our results of
operations (in thousands):
Year ended December 31,
2021 2020 Change
Summary of Operations Data:
Licensing revenue - related party $ 4,784 $ - $ 4,784
Operating expenses:
Research and development 38,393 67,309 (28,916 )
General and administrative 23,056 24,025 (969 )
Change in fair value of contingent consideration - (33 ) 33
Impairment of long-lived assets - 2,629 (2,629 )
Total operating expenses 61,449 93,930 (32,481 )
Loss from operations (56,665 ) (93,930 ) 37,265
Interest income 100 1,196 (1,096 )
Interest expense (3,177 ) (1,292 ) (1,885 )
Other income (expense), net (983 ) 182 (1,165 )
Net loss $ (60,725 ) $ (93,844 ) $ 33,119
Licensing Revenue - Related Party
In December 2021, we entered into a licensing agreement with Jocasta
Neuroscience, Inc. ("Jocasta") pursuant to which we exclusively licensed all of
our rights to UBX2089, our ?-Klotho asset. The agreement provided
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for an upfront fee of $5.0 million. Revenue recognized in the year ended
December 31, 2021 was related to grant of license and delivery of the know-how
performance obligation under the License Agreement. We recognized revenue of
$4.8 million and zero for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020.
Research and Development
Research and development expenses decreased by $28.9 million, to $38.4 million
for the year ended December 31, 2021 from $67.3 million for the year ended
December 31, 2020. The decrease was primarily due to decreases of $11.9 million
in direct research and development expenses mainly due to termination of
osteoarthritis studies and decreased safety studies, $10.2 million in personnel
costs due to reduction in force, $3.8 million in facilities-related costs
primarily due to allocation to general and administrative expenses of net
expenses on Brisbane and East Grand facilities which have been subleased, $2.5
million in laboratory supplies and $0.5 million in consultant expenses.
General and Administrative
General and administrative expenses decreased by $1.0 million, to $23.0 million
for the year ended December 31, 2021 from $24.0 million for the year ended
December 31, 2020. The decrease was primarily due to decreases of $0.8 million
in professional fees, $0.3 million in personnel-related expenses and $0.1
million in facilities-related costs, offset by $0.2 million increase in
insurance-related expense.
Change in Fair Value of Contingent Consideration
There was no contingent consideration liability at December 31, 2021 and 2020.
The change in fair value of contingent consideration was immaterial for the year
ended December 31, 2020, and was primarily due to changes in our stock price.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
Impairment charges consisted of impairment of long-lived assets. There were no
impairment charges during the year ended December 31, 2021. During the year
ended December 31, 2020, we recorded an impairment charge of $2.6 million after
evaluating the right-of-use asset and related leasehold improvements upon exit
of our former headquarters located in Brisbane, California.
Interest Income
Our interest income was $0.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, as
compared to $1.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2020. The decrease is
primarily attributable to lower market yields and cash balances on the Company's
cash equivalents and marketable securities.
Interest Expense
Our interest expense of $3.2 million and $1.3 million for the years ended
December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, is related to the Loan Agreement.
Other Income (Expense), Net
Other expense, net, was $1.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 which
includes $0.8 million commitment share expenses related to the equity purchase
agreement with Lincoln Park Capital Fund and $0.3 million property and other tax
expense, offset by $0.2 million gain from the debt extinguishment from the
conversion of debt to equity and the sale of assets. Other income, net, was $0.2
million for the year ended December 31, 2020 and was primarily due to the change
in the fair value of our investment in the common stock of Ascentage
International. The entire investment was sold in 2020.
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Liquidity, Capital Resources and Capital Requirements
Sources of Liquidity
We have incurred net losses each year since inception. We do not have any
products approved for sale and have never generated any revenue from product
sales. Historically, we have incurred operating losses as a result of ongoing
efforts to develop our drug candidates, including conducting ongoing research
and development, preclinical studies and providing general and administrative
support for these operations. Our net losses were $59.9 million and $60.7
million for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. As of
December 31, 2022, we had an accumulated deficit of $460.0 million, and we do
not expect positive cash flows from operations in the foreseeable future. Based
on our current operating plans, we expect our existing capital resources will
fund our planned operating expenses into the first quarter of 2024, which is
expected to fund key clinical data readouts for UBX1325, but is less than 12
months from the date of this Annual Report. These conditions raise substantial
doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. Additionally, our
independent registered public accounting firm has included in its audit opinion
for the year ended December 31, 2022 an explanatory paragraph that there is
substantial doubt as to our ability to continue as a going concern. We expect
our operating losses and net cash used in operating activities will increase
over at least the next several years as we continue our research and development
activities, advance our drug candidates through preclinical and clinical testing
and move into later and more costly stages of drug development, hire personnel
and prepare for regulatory submissions and the commercialization of our drug
candidates. As a result, we will need to raise additional capital to finance its
operations. Adequate funding may not be available to us on acceptable terms, or
at all, particularly in light of the economic uncertainty, liquidity concerns at
financial institutions, and potential for local and/or global economic
recession. Further, if banks and financial institutions enter receivership or
become insolvent in the future in response to financial conditions affecting the
banking system and financial markets, our ability to access our existing cash,
cash equivalents and investments may be threatened, which could have a material
adverse effect on our business and financial condition.
Further, based on our public float, as of the date of the filing of this Annual
Report on Form 10-K, we are only permitted to utilize a shelf registration
statement, including the registration statements under which our ATM Offering
Programs are operated, subject to Instruction I.B.6 to Form S-3, which is
referred to as the "baby shelf" rule. For so long as our public float is less
than $75.0 million, we may not sell more than the equivalent of one-third of our
public float during any 12 consecutive months pursuant to the baby shelf rules.
Although alternative public and private transaction structures may be available,
these may require additional time and cost, may impose operational restrictions
on us, and may not be available on attractive terms. If sufficient funds on
acceptable terms are not available when needed, we could be required to
significantly reduce our operating expenses and delay, reduce the scope of, or
eliminate one or more of our development programs. Failure to manage
discretionary spending or raise additional financing, as needed, may adversely
impact our ability to achieve our intended business objectives because without
substantial additional capital, we may not be able to complete pivotal trials
necessary to advance our product development and our programs.
We have historically financed our operations primarily through private
placements of preferred stock and promissory notes, as well as public equity
issuances, such as our initial public offering, and more recently through
proceeds from our Loan Agreement, our prior and existing at-the-market offering
programs, the Equity Purchase Agreement, and the sale of common stock and
warrants in the Follow-On Offering (each as defined below) and we will continue
to be dependent upon equity and/or debt financing to operate our business until
we are able to generate positive cash flows from our operations.
In August 2020, we entered into a Loan Agreement with Hercules Capital, Inc.
("Hercules") pursuant to a term loan, subject to certain terms and conditions
and $25.0 million was advanced to us on the date of execution of the Loan
Agreement. In August 2022, we met certain clinical and capital raising
milestones, which extended the interest only period to March 2023. On January
25, 2023, we entered into a second amendment to the Loan and Security Agreement
with Hercules Capital, Inc. whereas the amortization date was extended from
March 1, 2023 to April 1, 2023. As such, we will continue to make interest only
payments up to the amended amortization date and then we will be required to
repay the principal balance and interest in equal monthly installments through
August 1, 2024. In December 2021, we entered into an amendment to our Loan and
Security Agreement under the terms of which, Hercules (including any of its
assignees) has the option for a period of six (6) months to convert up to $5.0
million of the outstanding principal under the existing loan into shares of our
common stock. Under the Loan Amendment, the
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required cash reserve amount shall be reduced by the principal amount of the
converted loan to not less than $10 million. As of December 31, 2022, we had
issued 435,497 shares of our common stock reducing our outstanding loan
principal balance by $5.0 million and reducing the required cash reserve to $10
million. In addition, the interest only period may extend an additional three
months to June 1, 2023 should we meet specific milestones related to our
clinical trials and raising additional capital by April 1, 2023. There have been
no material adverse events in connection with the Loan Agreement with Hercules
and the substantial doubt regarding our ability to continue as a going concern
does not currently constitute a material adverse event under the terms of the
Loan Agreement.
In March 2022, we filed the March 2022 Shelf Registration Statement and entered
into the March 2022 Sales Agreement, as amended, with Cowen as sales agent to
sell shares of our common stock, from time to time, with aggregate gross sales
proceeds of up to $25.0 million pursuant to the March 2022 Shelf Registration
Statement as an "at-the-market" offering under the Securities Act. Cowen is
entitled to up to 3.0% of the gross proceeds of any shares of common stock sold
under the March 2022 Sales Agreement. During the year ended December 31, 2022,
there were 786,544 shares of the Company's common stock sold pursuant to the
March 2022 Sales Agreement and the Company's received total net proceeds of
approximately $9.1 million, after deducting commissions and other offering
expenses of $0.3 million.
On August 22, 2022, we closed an underwritten offering, or the Follow-On
Offering, in which the Company issued and sold an aggregate of 6,428,571 shares
of common stock together with warrants, or the Warrants, to purchase an up to
aggregate of 6,428,572 shares of common stock at an offering price of $7.00 per
unit. The Warrants have an exercise price of $8.50 per share underlying the
Warrant. The net proceeds to us were approximately $41.7 million.
In October 2022, we filed the October 2022 Shelf Registration Statement and also
entered into the October 2022 Sales Agreement with Cowen as sales agent to sell
shares of our common stock, from time to time, with aggregate gross sales
proceeds of up to $50.0 million pursuant to the October 2022 Shelf Registration
Statement as an "at-the-market" offering under the Securities Act. Cowen is
entitled to up to 3.0% of the gross proceeds of any shares of common stock sold
under the October 2022 Sales Agreement. There were no shares sold under the
October 2022 ATM Offering Program during the year ended December 31, 2022.
In September 2021, we entered into a Purchase Agreement with Lincoln Park
Capital Fund, LLC, under which we may at our discretion, sell up to $30.0
million shares of our common stock over a 36-month period, subject to certain
daily limits, applicable prices, and conditions. During the first quarter of
2022, we had initiated the purchase of 0.1 million shares of our common stock
amounting to $0.9 million in gross proceeds. There were no purchases initiated
in the remaining three quarters of 2022. Issuances under the Purchase Agreement
were to be made pursuant to the Company's Registration Statement filed in July
2019, which has since expired. The Company would need to file a new prospectus
supplement covering issuances under the Purchase Agreement in order to continue
using the facility.
Future Funding Requirements
To date we have not generated any product revenue. We expect to continue to
incur significant losses for the foreseeable future, and we expect the losses to
increase as we continue the development of, and seek regulatory approvals for,
our drug candidates, and begin to commercialize any approved products. We are
subject to all of the risks typically related to the development of new drug
candidates, and we may encounter unforeseen expenses, difficulties,
complications, delays, and other unknown factors that may adversely affect our
business. Moreover, since becoming a public company, we continue to incur
additional ongoing costs associated with operating as a public company. We
anticipate that we will need substantial additional funding in connection with
our continuing operations.
Until we can generate a sufficient amount of revenue from the commercialization
of our drug candidates or from collaborative agreements with third parties, if
ever, we expect to finance our future cash needs through various means. We do
not have any committed external source of funds. Additional capital may be
raised through the sale of our equity securities through our ATM Offering
programs or otherwise, incurring debt, entering into licensing or collaboration
agreements with partners, receiving research contributions, grants or other
sources of financing to fund our operations. There can be no assurance that
sufficient funds will be available to us on attractive terms or at all. If we
are unable to obtain additional funding from these or other sources, it may be
necessary to significantly reduce our
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rate of spending through reductions in staff and delaying, scaling back, or
stopping certain research and development programs. Insufficient liquidity may
also require us to relinquish rights to drug candidates at an earlier stage of
development or on less favorable terms than we would otherwise choose.
Based on our current operating plans, we expect our existing capital resources
will fund our planned operating expenses into the first quarter of 2024, which
is expected to fund key clinical data readouts for UBX1325. We have based our
projections of operating capital requirements on assumptions that may prove to
be incorrect and we may use all our available capital resources sooner than we
expect. Because of the numerous risks and uncertainties associated with
research, development, and commercialization of biotechnology products, we are
unable to estimate the exact amount of our operating capital requirements. Our
future funding requirements will depend on many factors, including, but not
limited to:
•
the results of our ongoing clinical trials of UBX1325;
•
our ability to reduce our operating expenses;
•
the scope, progress, results and costs of researching and developing our drug
candidates, and conducting preclinical studies and clinical studies;
•
potential delays in or an increase in costs associated with our ongoing or
planned preclinical studies or clinical trials;
•
the timing of, and the costs involved in, obtaining regulatory approvals for our
current drug candidates or any future drug candidates;
•
the number and characteristics of any additional drug candidates we develop or
acquire;
•
the timing and amount of any milestone payments we are required to make pursuant
to our license agreements;
•
the cost of manufacturing our current drug candidates or any future drug
candidates and any products we successfully commercialize;
•
the cost of commercialization activities if our current drug candidates or any
future drug candidates are approved for sale, including marketing, sales and
distribution costs;
•
our ability to maintain existing, and establish new, strategic collaborations,
licensing or other arrangements and the financial terms of any such agreements,
including the timing and amount of any future milestone, royalty or other
payments due under any such agreement;
•
any product liability or other lawsuits related to our products;
•
the costs associated with being a public company;
•
the costs involved in preparing, filing, prosecuting, maintaining, defending and
enforcing our intellectual property portfolio; and
•
our ability to utilize our ATM Offering Programs and raise additional capital;
•
the availability of capital in the technology and life sciences industries
following the government closure of Silicon Valley Bank and liquidity concerns
at other financial institutions;
•
whether or not we can maintain compliance with the continued listing
requirements of Nasdaq; and
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•
the timing, receipt and amount of sales of any future approved products, if any.
Cash Flows
The following table sets forth a summary of the primary sources and uses of cash
and restricted cash for each of the periods presented below (in thousands):
Year ended December 31,
2022 2021 2020
Cash used in operating activities $ (51,029 ) $ (45,060 ) $ (78,333 )
Cash provided by (used in) investing activities (24,545 ) 39,313 (5,208 )
Cash provided by financing activities
54,855 20,845 63,875
Net increase (decrease) in cash and
restricted cash $ (20,719 ) $ 15,098 $ (19,666 )
Operating Activities
Cash used in operating activities of $51.0 million for the year ended December
31, 2022 consisted primarily of a net loss of $59.9 million adjusted for net
non-cash charges of $9.9 million and net changes to our operating assets and
liabilities of $1.0 million. Our non-cash charges consisted primarily of $9.4
million in stock-based compensation, $2.2 million in depreciation and
amortization, and $1.3 million in amortization of debt issuance costs, partially
offset by a $2.2 million in non-cash rent expense, $0.3 million in net accretion
and amortization of premium and discounts on marketable securities, $0.3 million
gain from disposal of property and equipment and $0.2 million gain from the
extinguishment of the derivative related to long term debt. The net change in
our operating assets and liabilities primarily consisted of decreases of $1.0
million in accrued compensation, and $0.2 million in accounts payable, partially
offset by decreases of $0.1 million in prepaid expenses and other current assets
and $0.1 million in other long-term assets.
Cash used in operating activities of $45.1 million for the year ended December
31, 2021 consisted primarily of a net loss of $60.7 million adjusted for net
non-cash charges of $16.3 million and net changes to our operating assets and
liabilities of $0.6 million. Our non-cash charges consisted primarily of $11.6
million in stock-based compensation, $2.9 million in depreciation and
amortization, $1.5 million in common stock granted to a third party, $1.0
million in net accretion and amortization of premium and discounts on marketable
securities, $0.8 million in amortization of debt issuance costs and $0.8 million
other expenses related to the equity purchase agreement with Lincoln Park
Capital Fund, partially offset by a $2.2 million in non-cash rent expense and
$0.1 million gain from the extinguishment of the derivative related to long term
debt. The net change in our operating assets and liabilities primarily consisted
of decreases of $1.3 million in accrued compensation, $1.1 million in accrued
liabilities and other current liabilities, $0.6 million in accounts payable and
an increase of $0.1 million in other long-term assets, partially offset by
increases of $1.0 million in derivative liability and $0.2 million in deferred
revenue and a decrease of $1.3 million in prepaid expenses and other current
assets.
Cash used in operating activities of $78.3 million for the year ended December
31, 2020 consisted primarily of a net loss of $93.8 million adjusted for net
non-cash charges of $20.1 million and net changes to our operating assets and
liabilities of $4.6 million. Our non-cash charges consisted primarily of $13.8
million in stock-based compensation, $3.4 million in depreciation and
amortization, $2.6 million in impairment charges pertaining to leasehold
improvements and right of use assets in the Company's former offices, $1.2
million in common stock granted to a third party, $0.3 million in amortization
of debt issuance costs and $0.3 million in net accretion and amortization of
premium and discounts on marketable securities, partially offset by a $1.1
million in non-cash rent expense and $0.5 million change in fair value of
strategic investment. The net change in our operating assets and liabilities
consisted of decreases of $2.6 million in accounts payable, $0.9 million in
accrued liabilities and other current liabilities, $0.5 million in accrued
compensation and increase of $1.2 million in prepaid expenses and other current
assets, partially offset by a decrease of $0.6 million in other long-term
assets.
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Investing Activities
Cash used in investing activities of $24.5 million for the year ended December
31, 2022 was related to purchases of marketable securities of $98.8 million and
property and equipment of $0.1 million, partially offset by maturities of
marketable securities of $74.0 million and the sale of $0.4 million of property
and equipment.
Cash provided by investing activities of $39.3 million for the year ended
December 31, 2021 was related to maturities of marketable securities of $121.0
million which were offset by purchases of marketable securities of $81.5 million
and purchases of property and equipment of $0.2 million.
Cash used in investing activities of $5.2 million for the year ended December
31, 2020 was related to purchases of marketable securities of $138.5 million and
purchases of property and equipment of $0.6 million, which were offset by
maturities of marketable securities of $127.9 million and the sale of our
strategic investment of $6.0 million.
Financing Activities
Cash provided by financing activities of $54.9 million for the year ended
December 31, 2022 was related to $41.7 million in proceeds from issuance of
common stock and warrants from our Follow-On Offering, net of issuance costs,
$12.2 million in proceeds from the sale of common stock through our ATM Offering
Program, net of issuance costs, $0.9 million in proceeds from issuance of common
stock to Lincoln Park Capital Fund, net of issuance costs, and $0.1 million in
proceeds from the issuance of common stock under the 2018 Employee Stock
Purchase Plan.
Cash provided by financing activities of $20.8 million for the year ended
December 31, 2021 was related to $10.4 million in proceeds from the sale of
common stock through our ATM Offering Program, net of issuance costs, $8.2
million in proceeds from issuance of common stock to Lincoln Park Capital Fund,
net of issuance costs, $1.8 million in proceeds from issuance of common stock
upon exercise of stock options, net of repurchases, $0.3 million in proceeds
from the issuance of common stock under the 2018 Employee Stock Purchase Plan
and $0.2 million in proceeds from the repayment of employee promissory note,
partially offset by $0.1 million current portion of long-term debt arrangement.
Cash provided by financing activities of $63.9 million for the year ended
December 31, 2020 was related to $37.3 million in proceeds from the sale of
common stock through our ATM Offering Program, net of issuance costs, $24.2
million in proceeds from long-term debt, net of issuance costs, $1.5 million in
proceeds from issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options, net of
repurchases, $0.6 million in proceeds from the issuance of common stock under
the 2018 Employee Stock Purchase Plan, and $0.4 million in proceeds from the
repayment of promissory notes from an employee.
Contractual Obligations and Other Commitments
Our contractual obligations and commitments relate primarily to our Loan
Agreement, operating leases and non-cancelable purchase obligations under
agreements with various research and development organizations and suppliers in
the ordinary course of business. See Note 7, "Commitments and Contingencies" and
Note 8, "Term Loan Facility," to our financial statements for further
information.
We are party to various license agreements pursuant to which we have in-licensed
rights to various technologies, including patents, research "know-how" and
proprietary research tools, for the discovery, research, development and
commercialization of drug candidates to treat age-related diseases. The license
agreements obligate us to make certain milestone payments related to specified
clinical development and sales milestone events, as well as tiered royalties in
the low-single digits based on sales of licensed products. See Note 5 to our
financial statements "License Revenue, Agreements and Strategic Investment" for
additional information.
Indemnification
In the normal course of business, we enter into contracts and agreements that
contain a variety of representations and warranties and provide for general
indemnifications. Our exposure under these agreements is
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unknown because it involves claims that may be made against us in the future but
have not yet been made. To date, we have not paid any claims or been required to
defend any action related to our indemnification obligations. However, we may
record charges in the future as a result of these indemnification obligations.
In accordance with our certificate of incorporation and bylaws, we have
potential indemnification obligations to our officers and directors for
specified events or occurrences, subject to some limits, while they are serving
at our request in such capacities. There have been no claims to date, and we
have director and officer insurance that may enable us to recover a portion of
any amounts paid for future potential claims.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We have not entered into any off-balance sheet arrangements.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
This discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of
operations is based on our financial statements, which have been prepared in
accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States
("GAAP"). The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make
estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and
liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date
of the financial statements, as well as the reported expenses incurred during
the reporting periods. These items are monitored and analyzed by us for changes
in facts and circumstances, and material changes in these estimates could occur
in the future. Our estimates are based on our historical experience and on
various other factors that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances,
the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying
value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other
sources. Changes in estimates are reflected in reported results for the period
in which they become known. Actual results may differ from these estimates under
different assumptions or conditions.
While our significant accounting policies are described in more detail in the
notes to our financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus, we
believe that the following accounting policies are critical to understanding our
historical and future performance, as these policies relate to the more
significant areas involving management's judgments and estimates.
Research and Development Expenses and Accruals
Costs related to research and development of drug candidates are charged to
research and development expense as incurred. Research and development costs
include, but are not limited to, payroll and personnel expenses for personnel
contributing to research and development activities, laboratory supplies,
outside services, licenses acquired to be used in research and development,
manufacturing of clinical material, pre-clinical testing and consultants and
allocated overhead, including rent, equipment, depreciation and utilities.
Research and development costs are expensed as incurred unless there is an
alternative future use in other research and development projects. Payments made
prior to the receipt of goods or services to be used in research and development
are deferred and recognized as expense in the period in which the related goods
are received or services are rendered. Such payments are evaluated for current
or long-term classification based on when they will be realized.
As part of the process of preparing our financial statements, we are required to
estimate expenses resulting from our obligations under contracts with vendors
and consultants and clinical site agreements in connection with conducting
clinical trials. The financial terms of these contracts are subject to
negotiations which vary from contract to contract and may result in payment
flows that do not match the periods over which materials or services are
provided under such contracts. Our objective is to reflect the appropriate
expenses in our financial statements by matching those expenses with the period
in which services and efforts are expended. We account for these expenses
according to the progress of the production of clinical trial materials or based
on progression of the clinical trial, as measured by patient progression and the
timing of various aspects of the trial. We determine accrual estimates by taking
into account discussion with applicable personnel and outside service providers
as to the progress or state of consummation of goods and services, or the
services completed. During the course of a clinical trial, we adjust the rate of
expense recognition if actual results differ from our estimates. We make
estimates of accrued expenses as of each balance sheet date in our financial
statements based on the facts and circumstances known at that time. Our clinical
trial accrual is dependent in part upon the timely and accurate reporting of
contract research organizations, contract manufacturers and other third-party
vendors. Although we do not expect our estimates to be materially different from
amounts
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actually incurred, our understanding of the status and timing of services
performed relative to the actual status and timing of services performed may
vary and may result in our reporting changes in estimates in any particular
period. Adjustments to prior period estimates have not been material for the
years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021.
We have and may continue to enter into license agreements to access and utilize
certain technology. We evaluate if the license agreement is an acquisition of an
asset or a business. To date none of our license agreements have been considered
to be an acquisition of a business. For asset acquisitions, the upfront payments
to acquire such licenses, as well as any future milestone payments made before
product approval, are immediately recognized as research and development expense
when due, provided there is no alternative future use of the rights in other
research and development projects. These license agreements may also include
contingent consideration in the form of cash and additional issuances of our
common stock.
Stock-Based Compensation
We recognize compensation costs related to stock-based awards granted based on
the estimated fair value of the awards on the date of grant, and we recognize
forfeitures as they occur. For awards that vest solely based on service
conditions or a combination of service and performance conditions, we estimate
the grant date fair value, and the resulting stock-based compensation expense,
using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The grant date fair value of the
awards is generally recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite
service period, which is typically their vesting period. We recognize
forfeitures as they occur.
The market traded price of the shares of common stock underlying the stock-based
awards is the fair value of our stock as reported on the Nasdaq Global Select
Market on the grant date.
The Black-Scholes option-pricing model requires the use of highly subjective
assumptions to determine the fair value of stock-based awards. These assumptions
include:
•
Expected term-The expected term represents the period that the stock-based
awards are expected to be outstanding. We use, due to insufficient historical
data, the simplified method to determine the expected term, which is based on
the average of the time-to-vesting and the contractual life of the options.
•
Expected volatility-Due to our limited trading history for our common stock, the
expected volatility is estimated based on the average historical volatilities of
common stock of comparable publicly traded entities over a period equal to the
expected term of the stock option grants. The comparable companies are chosen
based on their size, stage in the product development cycle or area of
specialty. We will continue to apply this process until a sufficient amount of
historical information regarding the volatility of our own stock price becomes
available.
•
Risk-free interest rate-The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S.
Treasury yield in effect at the time of grant for zero-coupon U.S. Treasury
notes with maturities approximately equal to the expected term of the awards.
•
Expected dividend-We have never paid dividends on our common stock and have no
plans to pay dividends on our common stock. Therefore, we used an expected
dividend yield of zero.
We have also granted stock options to certain key employees that vest in
conjunction with certain market conditions. The Company uses the Monte-Carlo
option-pricing model to estimate the fair value of stock option awards that
contain only market conditions. The Monte-Carlo option pricing model uses
similar input assumptions as the Black-Scholes model; however, it further
incorporates into the fair-value determination the possibility that the market
condition may not be satisfied.
As of December 31, 2022, we had $12.3 million of unrecognized compensation
expense related to unvested stock options and restricted stock units, which is
expected to be recognized over an estimated weighted-average period of 2.9
years. For stock-based awards subject to ratable vesting, we recognize
compensation cost on a straight-line basis over the service period for the
entire award. In future periods, our stock-based compensation expense is
expected to increase as a result of recognizing our existing unrecognized
stock-based compensation for awards that will vest and as we issue additional
stock-based awards to attract and retain our employees.
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JOBS Act Accounting Election
We are an emerging growth company, as defined in the JOBS Act. Under the JOBS
Act, emerging growth companies can delay adopting new or revised accounting
standards issued subsequent to the enactment of the JOBS Act until such time as
those standards apply to private companies. We have irrevocably elected to avail
ourselves of this exemption from new or revised accounting standards and,
therefore, will not be subject to the same new or revised accounting standards
as other public companies that are not emerging growth companies. We also rely
on other exemptions provided by the JOBS Act, including, without limitation,
providing an auditor's attestation report on our system of internal controls
over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.
We will remain an emerging growth company until the earlier of (1) the last day
of the year following the fifth anniversary of the consummation of our IPO, (2)
the last day of the year in which we have total annual gross revenue of at least
$1.235 billion, (3) the last day of the year in which we are deemed to be a
"large accelerated filer" as defined in Rule 12b-2 under the Exchange Act, which
would occur if the market value of our common stock held by non-affiliates
exceeded $700.0 million as of the last business day of the second fiscal quarter
of such year or (4) the date on which we have issued more than $1.0 billion in
non-convertible debt securities during the prior three-year period. Even after
we no longer qualify as an emerging growth company, we may still qualify as a
"smaller reporting company" which may allow us to take advantage of many of the
same exemptions from disclosure requirements including not being required to
comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404(b) of the
Sarbanes-Oxley Act.
We expect that we will no longer qualify as an emerging growth company after
December 31, 2023, at which time we will become subject to certain disclosure
and compliance requirements as discussed herein that apply to other public
companies but that did not previously, or currently, apply to us due to our
status as an emerging growth company.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
See Note 2 to our Financial Statements "Summary of Significant Accounting
Policies" for information.
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