AUTO1 : Financial Statements 2023 of AUTO1 Group SE

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND COMBINED MANAGEMENT REPORT

3 1 D E C E M B E R 2 0 2 3

TABLE OF CONTENTS

01

02

03

04

05

3 COMBINED MANAGEMENT REPORT

3 Group Profile

6 Economic Report

11 Forecast, Opportunities and Risks

1. Supplementary Business Situation Reporting

1. Takeover-RelatedDisclosures

1. Non-FinancialStatement

1. Corporate Governance Statement (unaudited)

30 BALANCE SHEET

as at 31 December 2023

1. INCOME STATEMENT
   for the period from 1 January to 31 December 2023
2. NOTES TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS for the financial year from 1 January to 31 December 2023

44 MOVEMENTS IN FIXED ASSETS during the 2023 financial year

06	45	CONTENT OF THE VOTING RIGHTS NOTIFICATIONS RECEIVED BY AUTO1 GROUP SE PURSUANT
		TO SECTION 33 (1) WPHG
		and which were published in accordance with Section 40 (1) WpHG
07	47	CONTENT OF THE VOTING RIGHTS NOTIFICATIONS RECEIVED BY AUTO1 GROUP SE PURSUANT

TO SECTION 33 (1) WPHG

in financial year 2023 and which were published in accordance with Section 40 (1) WpHG

1. RESPONSIBILITY STATEMENT
2. INDEPENDENT AUDITOR'S REPORT

60 CONTACT

2023 SINGLE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

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Combined Management Report

Group Profile

a. Business Model

We are Europe's leading buyer and seller of used cars. Our digital products are based on a unique vertically integrated platform. With almost 600,000 used cars sold in 2023 we are a leading European partner for buying and selling used cars.

Revenue from used cars, including the business-to-business (B2B), amounts to around EUR 600 billion in Europe. The online share of this market is still at a very early stage of development. We are convinced that this represents a huge market opportunity for us.

Our leading market position in the European used car market is due to our broad purchasing channels, which allowed us to purchase an average of almost 2,000 used cars per working day in 2023. Through our consumer brands such as "wirkaufendeinauto.de", we offer consumers an online platform to sell their used cars to AUTO1 in nine European countries. In addition, fleet operators and commercial dealers can market their vehicles using our remarketing solutions.

We sell cars via two complementary revenue channels: Under our B2B brand "AUTO1", we operate Europe's largest wholesale platform for the sale of used cars. We sell these cars via online auctions to more than 92,000 commercial dealers in Europe. Under our "Autohero" brand, we have created a service for consumers to buy used cars online. We offer our used cars to end customers at fixed prices in nine European countries.

Our business is based on a vertically integrated, proprietary technology platform specifically developed for the purchase, sale, inventory management, financing and delivery of used cars in Europe, which is regularly maintained and expanded.

b. Objectives and Strategies

We are convinced that the following competitive strengths are the key drivers of our success and set us apart from our competitors:

• our leading market position with a high volume and great diversity in purchasing and sales and
• the growing awareness of our brand in Europe and the unique customer experience in both buying and selling.

In order to remain successful, we have identified the following key factors in our strategy:

• Improving the customer experience in car sales via "Wirkaufendeinauto" by expanding our branch network;
• Improving the dealer experience in the remarketing business by investing in the product for further profitable growth;
• Continuous expansion of the merchant platform and increase in market share;
• Expansion of our new merchant financing product through rapid growth of the loan portfolio;
• Become Europe's leading retailer for used cars with our "Autohero" brand; and
• Expansion of our Autohero Consumer Finance product into additional countries targeting a rating for the German loan portfolio in 2024.

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c. Group Structure

AUTO1 Group SE is the parent company of AUTO1 Group, which comprises 67 directly or indirectly controlled and fully consolidated subsidiaries as at the balance sheet date. The scope of consolidation includes three financing companies, AUTO1 Funding B.V. (Netherlands), Autohero Funding 1 B.V. (Netherlands) and AUTO1 Car Funding S.à r.l. (Luxembourg). For further information, please refer to Note 15 in the consolidated financial statements.

The Group's direct and indirect subsidiaries carry out all of our business activities in Europe.

The Group's financial liabilities are raised via our financing companies as part of three asset-backed securitisation ("ABS") programmes.

As at the balance sheet date, we have issued debt securities amounting to EUR 475 million as part of the inventory ABS facility, which were collateralised by the used vehicle inventory and did not allow any further recourse to the Group. In order to facilitate our pan-European business activities and financing, all vehicles are purchased via our subsidiaries AUTO1 European Cars B.V. (Netherlands) and Auto1 Car Trade S.r.l. (Italy) or Auto1 Car Export S.r.l. (Italy).

Furthermore, in order to facilitate the further development of the instalment purchase product for Autohero customers in Germany and Austria, we have refinanced the instalment purchase receivables since the 2022 financial year. As at the balance sheet date, we have refinanced receivables from instalment purchases amounting to EUR 269 million (of which after taking allowances into account EUR 234 million were non-current receivables) by issuing debt instruments under the consumer loan ABS facility in the amount of EUR 231 million.

Starting in October 2023, we offer "AUTO1 Financing", a fast, convenient and fully digital dealer financing programme within the AUTO1.com platform to selected partner dealers in Germany, France, Spain and Austria. As at the balance sheet date, receivables from the programme amounted to EUR 37 million. To refinance this programme, the senior notes under the merchant financing ABS facility were utilised in the amount of EUR 39 million. The higher utilisation is already being used for merchant financing in the following month.

The shares of AUTO1 Group SE have been listed on the Regulated Market (Prime Standard) of the Frankfurt Stock Exchange since 4 February 2021. The proceeds from the IPO enabled us to raise substantial amounts of cash and significantly strengthen our equity base. Even taking into

account the liquidity outflows in the years 2021 to 2023, the Group has cash and cash equivalents amounting to EUR 548 million as at the balance sheet date.

d. Segments

The Group is organised into two segments: "Merchant" and "Retail". The segments offer products for different customer groups and are separated as they require different technologies (use of different sales platforms) and marketing strategies in some areas. Both segments source vehicles from the Group's two purchasing channels. The purchasing channels comprise purchases from private individuals (C2B channel) and purchases from commercial dealers as part of remarketing (remarketing channel).

Merchant

In the Merchant segment, used cars are sold to commercial car dealers via the AUTO1.com dealer brand. Merchant revenue also includes auction fees, fees for logistics services and all other fees associated with the provision of vehicles to dealers. In addition, since October 2023, selected dealers in four countries can use the AUTO1 financing product, through which AUTO1 generates interest income.

Revenue from the "Merchant" business is differentiated depending on the procurement of the vehicles. All cars purchased from private individuals via the Group's network are classified as "C2B". Cars purchased from commercial fleet operators or dealers and not via the branch network are classified as "Remarketing". In both areas, there are no business activities that result in independent revenue, so C2B and remarketing are merely different procurement channels. Sales are made to the same customer base via an identical sales channel.

Retail

The Retail segment focuses on the sale of used cars to private customers under the Autohero brand. It also includes income from financing and other products and services for the purchase of used cars. Vehicles for the "Retail" business are mostly purchased via C2B, but also via remarketing.

e. Management Systems

The key financial and non-financial performance indicators used to manage business activities are the units of vehicles sold, gross profit (i.e. revenue less cost of materials) and adjusted EBITDA, whereby gross profit is calculated on a segment basis and adjusted EBITDA on a Group basis. Compared to the

2023 SINGLE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

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01 COMBINED Management Report

previous year, revenue is not a significant key performance indicator for the Management Board of AUTO1 Group, as it is of secondary importance as a profitability indicator in financial reporting. These key performance indicators reflect the Group's clear growth target and are used together with the non-financial key performance indicators to measure success and performance.

Besides financial performance indicators, the AUTO1 Group also uses non-financial performance indicators to manage the business at the segment level:

• Number of cars sold
• GPU (gross profit per unit)

Adjusted EBITDA does not include the following non- operating effects: (i) share-based payments, (ii) expenses for strategic projects, (iii) expenses for the establishment of

• capital structure and (iv) other non-operating expenses/ income. Other non-operating expenses include expenses for consulting costs in connection with financing, expenses for defined legal disputes relating to non-operating activities and other non-operating expenses, such as severance payments.

f. Research and Development

We see AUTO1 first and foremost as a technology company with the aim of continuously improving our tech platform and making it as convenient as possible for dealers and private customers to use. To overcome the associated challenges, such as the design of websites and apps as well as the automation of processes, the forecasting of supply and demand and the challenges of customer support, AUTO1 invests primarily in qualified staff. More than 600 tech employees (approx. 71% of them are software engineers) work at 17 locations on cross-platform innovations and ensuring smooth processes.

We believe that investments in this area will give us a decisive competitive advantage. Dealers, customers and external partners are connected to a centralised IT network when using our products. By using a microservice architecture, cloud technologies and the integration of data collection and analysis by our data science team, we are able to manage all functional areas of AUTO1 from our tech platform. These functional areas are for example:

• Digital inspection of cars
• Pricing algorithm
• Order and financing processing
• Real-timeauction platform, inventory management and operational performance indicators
• Invoice and payment processing
• Logistics and fleet management
• Marketing and CRM

In 2023, technology costs amounted to KEUR 48,995, including salaries for several hundred IT developers and software engineers as well as IT expenses. AUTO1 Group meets the requirements of IAS 38 and capitalises the development costs for selected projects as internally generated intangible assets.

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Economic Report

General Economic Conditions

Due to the ongoing consequences of the war in Ukraine, the conflict in Israel and Gaza and an overall increase in global tensions and trouble spots, the global economy performed weaker in the financial year 2023 than in the previous year, and recorded growth of only 3.1%. At 0.5%, growth in the eurozone was well below the global average, while the German economy actually decreased by 0.3% in 2023.1

In the course of 2023, the German economy is characterised by persistently high inflation rates, which, however, decline after September 2023 due to the base effect.2 In addition to persistently high energy costs, the weaker than generally expected economic performance at the beginning of 2023 is mainly due to a 12.4% year-on-year increase in food prices.3

a. Industry Environment

2023 presented yet another challenging year for the European automotive market. The return to normalised, but compared to the previous 10 - 15 years, high interest rates to counter inflation was followed by increasing demands for wage adjustments. 4 This, combined with the increase in international conflicts and political tensions, affected the demand for used cars and led to a decline in consumer spending.

On a positive note, prices stabilised over the course of 2023 and the decline in European used car starting in the second half of 2022 continued only slightly.5

The online market share of B2C used cars sold across Europe remained below 2.5% in December 2023.6

Irrespective of the tense market environment, we are convinced that the used car market is one of the last major markets to be affected by growing digitalisation. The permanent increase in internet and smartphone penetration is driving the shift towards a digital offering for buying and selling used cars. Thanks to our range of products and services as wells as our Europe-wide presence and reach, we are well equipped to meet this demand and realise the promising growth potential.

b. Business Performance

With the sale of 586,085 used cars (2022: 649,709) a strong financial year 2023 was recorded. The Group's focus was on improving profitability. With KEUR 527,888 AUTO1 Group recorded its highest gross profit to date (2022: KEUR 488,212). The gross profit margin per car sold increased by EUR 153 to EUR 899.

Compared to the previous year, revenue decreased by 16% and amounted to KEUR 5,462,835 (2022: KEUR 6,534,119). This was mainly due to a decline in the number of vehicles sold and lower prices on the used car market. The decline in revenue relates in particular to the Merchant segment. In this segment, in 2023 523,019 vehicles were sold (2022: 585,545 vehicles) and revenue decreased by 18.5%. In the prior financial year, AUTO1 Group focussed its trading activities on improving profitability per unit, which is why the number of units sold decreased. Revenue in the Retail segment decreased slightly to KEUR 998,873 (2022: KEUR 1,056,525), with 63,066 vehicles solds (2022: 64,164 vehicles). The cost of materials in the financial year 2023 amounted to KEUR 4,934,947 (2022: KEUR 6,045,907).

AUTO1 Group's adjusted EBITDA improved from KEUR -165,578 to KEUR -43,948 considerably. In addition to the increased gross profit, reduced marketing expenses and lower personnel expenses as a result of lower average number of employees were drivers for the decrease.

AUTO1 Group continues to consistently pursue the goal of further increasing profitability and returning to growth. To this end, the customer base in particular shall be further expanded - also by including a broader product range and profitable gross profits per unit.

1. See IMF, World Economic Outlook January 2024.
2. https://de.statista.com/; accessed on 27 February 2024.
3. Press release no. 020 of the Federal Statistical Office of 16 January 2024.
4. WSI on collective bargaining rounds 2023 (https://www.wsi.de/de/tarifrunde- 2023-aktueller-ueberblick-44289.htm).
5. Auto1 Group Car Price Index (https://www.auto1-group.com/press/pressrelease/auto1-group-price-index-january-2024).
6. See Indicata Market Watch, Edition v47, December 2023.

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c. Group's Position

1. Financial Performance

Group earnings in financial year 2023 compared to the prior year 2022 were as follows:

		1 Jan. 2023 -	1 Jan. 2022 -
		31 Dec. 2023	31 Dec. 2022
Revenue (in KEUR)	5,462,835		6,534,119
Revenue growth in %	(16.4)		36.8
Gross profit (in KEUR)	527,888		488,212
Adjusted EBITDA (in KEUR)1	(43,948)		(165,578)
Adjusted EBITDA margin in %	(0.8)		(2.5)
EBITDA (in KEUR)	(63,187)		(182,984)
EBITDA margin in %2	(1.2)		(2.8)
Cars sold (#)	586,085		649,709
Average number
of employees3	5,356		6,094

1. EBITDA adjusted for items reported separately which comprise non-operating effects such as share-based payments and other non-operating costs. See the table below for the reconciliation to adjusted EBITDA.
2. Defined as EBITDA divided by revenue.
3. Number of employees by headcount.

The following table presents the reconciliation from EBITDA to adjusted EBITDA:

		1 Jan. 2023 -		1 Jan. 2022 -
K E U R		31 Dec. 2023		31 Dec. 2022
EBITDA		(63,187)		(182,984)
Share-based payment		13,067		8,029
Other non-operating expenses		6,172		9,377
Adjusted EBITDA		(43,948)		(165,578)

Revenue Performance

During the reporting year, AUTO1 Group's revenue decreased by -16.4% due to a lower number of vehicles traded overall and lower prices on the used car market to KEUR 5,462,835 (2022: KEUR 6,534,119). Revenue in the amount of KEUR 4,463,962 (2022: KEUR 5,477,595) was attributable to the Merchant segment and KEUR 998,873 (2022: KEUR 1,056,525) to the Retail segment.

In the Merchant business, revenue declined by 18.5% compared to the previous year. The number of cars sold in the Merchant segment decreased by 62,526 to 523,019. This decline in volume is in line with the Group's focus on improving profitability per unit. At the same time, the average selling price per unit decreased by 9% to EUR 8,535. The decline in used car prices, which had risen sharply in previous years, contributed to the decline in revenue in the Merchant segment.

Compared to the previous year, the Retail business recorded a slight decline in revenue from KEUR 1,056,525 to KEUR 998,873. This is due to a lower average selling price, which decreased by EUR 627 to EUR 15,839. With our attractive product range, we maintained the number of vehicles sold in the past financial year at the previous year's level (64,164 units) at 63,066 units.

Gross Profit Development

The cost of materials decreased disproportionately to revenue by 18.4% or by KEUR 1,110,960 to KEUR 4,934,947. Of which KEUR 4,044,811 was attributable to the Merchant segment and KEUR 890,136 to the Retail segment. The cost of materials includes the cost of vehicles sold, external transport costs (costs of transportation to the customer) as expenses for purchased services and expenses for other services related to the operational processing of vehicle purchases and sales.

As a result, gross profit developed very positively and increased in the financial year 2023 by KEUR 39,676 to KEUR 527,888. The Merchant segment generated a slightly growing gross profit of KEUR 419,151 (2022: KEUR 418,000). The Retail segment's contribution to gross profit increased significantly from KEUR 70,211 in the previous year to KEUR 108,736 and is to be further expanded in the future. This illustrates the positive development of our online platform for the sale of used cars to private customers.

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Business Development by Segment

Other operating expenses decreased by KEUR 57,560 to KEUR 326,486 compared to the previous year. The decrease was mainly due to lower marketing expenses, which reduced from

Merchant

Revenue (in KEUR)

thereof C2B*

thereof Remarketing*

Revenue growth in %

Gross profit (in KEUR)

Sold cars (#)

thereof C2B

thereof Remarketing

GPU (in EUR)

• Analysis of revenue by procurement channel.

	1 Jan. 2023 -		1 Jan. 2022 -
	31 Dec. 2023		31 Dec. 2022
	4,463,962		5,477,595
	3,830,601		4,599,187
	633,361		878,407
	(18.5)		30.5
	419,151		418,000
	523,019		585,545
	457,885		497,254
	65,134		88,291
	801		714

KEUR 193,156 to KEUR 137,067.

Adjusted EBITDA amounted to KEUR -43,948 in 2023 (2022: KEUR -165,578) and was adjusted for share-based payments and other non-operating expenses of KEUR 3,540 (2022: KEUR 2,282), mainly related to severance payments.

Development of the Consolidated Loss

In the financial year 2023, the Group generated a consolidated loss in the amount of KEUR 116,466 (2022: KEUR 246,372). In addition to the increase of the adjusted EBITDA, the financial result improved by KEUR 7,315, mainly due to losses realised on short-term financial assets in the previous year. Due to the establishment of tax groups in many European countries in which AUTO1 Group operates, tax expenses decreased by KEUR 8,974. This was offset by KEUR 6,181 higher expenses for depreciation and amortisation.

Retail
	1 Jan. 2023 -	1 Jan. 2022 -
	31 Dec. 2023	31 Dec. 2022
Revenue (in KEUR)	998,873	1,056,525

2. Financial Position and Liquidity

Revenue growth in %	(5.5)	82.5
Gross profit (in KEUR)	108,736	70,211
Sold cars (#)	63,066	64,164
GPU (in EUR)*	1,712	1,039

• GPU is not equal to gross profit divided by the number of sold cars, as the effects of inventory changes due to the capitalisation of internal refurbishment costs, which are not part of the cost of materials, are not taken into account.

Development of EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA

Compared to the previous year, AUTO1 Group's EBITDA improved by KEUR 119,797 to KEUR -63,187. The main drivers for this development were reduced marketing expenses on the one hand and lower personnel expenses on the other.

Merchant

KEUR

Consolidated loss

Cash flows from operating activities

Net CapEx*

Cash flows from investment activities

Cash flows from financing activities

Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the period

Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the period

1 Jan. 2023 -	1 Jan. 2022 -
31 Dec. 2023	31 Dec. 2022
(116,466)		(246,372)
(55,429)		(392,364)
(19,214)		(46,089)
(19,214)		557,448
80,384		270,694
542,431		106,653
548,172		542,431

Marketing expenses were reduced by KEUR 56,089 to KEUR 137,067. The decrease relates in particular to advertising for our Retail brand Autohero, for which expenses were reduced as awareness of the brand has increased.

The decrease in personnel expenses is due to a lower average number of employees in AUTO1 Group, which is related to the Group's focus on efficiency. Expenses for share-based payments increased in the financial year by KEUR 5,038 to KEUR 13,067 as this remuneration component was granted to a larger number of employees.

• Cash flow from investing activities adjusted for cash inflows and outflows for financial assets.

Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the year amounted to KEUR 548,172 (2022: KEUR 542,431) and have increased compared to the previous year by KEUR 5,741. Cash and cash equivalents included short-term fixed deposits of KEUR 32,600 (2022: KEUR 330,000).

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The improvement in cash flow from operating activities by KEUR 336,935 resulted in particular from the lower consolidated loss for the financial year. In addition, the reduction in inventories by KEUR 73,193 (2022: increase of KEUR 34,024) contributed to the positive development.

The operating cash flow for the financial year was also influenced by the increase in current and non-current trade receivables due to the positive development of the instalment purchase programme (increase of KEUR 83,508 compared to the previous year), which was refinanced by the consumer loan ABS facility. In addition, the inclusion of the merchant financing programme (receivables of KEUR 36,522 as at 31 December 2023), which is refinanced by the new merchant financing ABS facility, reduced the operating cash flow.

The cash flow from investing activities for the year 2023 was KEUR -19,214 (2022: KEUR 557,448) and resulted in particular from payments for investments in property, plant and equipment. The positive cash flow from investing activities in the previous year was mainly due to proceeds from the sale of liquid financial assets.

The positive cash flow from financing activities in the financial year 2023 was KEUR 80,384 (2022: KEUR 270,694). This resulted primarily from the increase in the utilisation of the inventory ABS facility (maturing in February 2026) by KEUR 20,000, the increase in the utilisation of the consumer loan ABS facility (maturing in April 2027) by KEUR 55,000, which refinances Autohero's instalment purchase programme in Germany and Austria, and the inclusion of the new merchant financing ABS facility with a utilisation of KEUR 38,605 (maturing in November 2026), which refinances the dealer financing programme.

3. Assets and Liabilities

Property, plant and equipment, which mainly consists of the production centres for refurbishing vehicles for sale on the Autohero platform and the Autohero delivery vehicle fleet, decreased by a total of KEUR 4,491 to KEUR 118,999, mainly due to ongoing depreciation.

Non-current trade receivables as at 31 December 2023 amounted to KEUR 233,643 (2022: KEUR 151,703). These comprised receivables from instalment purchases offered to Autohero customers in Germany and Austria, which are refinanced via the consumer loan ABS facility.

Inventories decreased by KEUR 73,193 to KEUR 544,380. KEUR 475,000 of the inventory was financed by the inventory ABS facility. The decrease in inventories is due to lower average purchase prices per unit. In addition, the proportion of Merchant vehicles, which generally have lower average acquisition costs than Retail vehicles, has increased within

the vehicle mix. The absolute number of units in inventories, from which future growth is to be generated, has increased compared to the previous year.

Current trade receivables and other receivables increased by KEUR 27,975 to KEUR 145,522, in particular due to the launch of the merchant financing programme in Germany, France, Spain and Austria, which resulted in receivables from merchants of KEUR 36,522 (2022: nil) as at the reporting date.

Other assets mainly relate to VAT receivables, which decreased year-on-year as a result of refunds from the tax authorities.

Cash and cash equivalents have increased from KEUR 542,431 to KEUR 548,172 and as at 31 December 2023 include short- term time deposits of KEUR 32,600 (2022: KEUR 330,000).

The equity of AUTO1 Group as at 31 December 2023 reduced to KEUR 577,447 (2022: KEUR 684,884). The equity ratio thus equalled 33.8% (2022: 40.6%) at the end of the reporting period. The year-on-year decline was mainly due to the consolidated loss for 2023.

The fully collateralised investment-grade rated inventory ABS facility with a framework of senior notes of KEUR 800,000 was utilised as at the balance sheet date of 31 December 2023 in the amount of KEUR 475,000 (2022: KEUR 444,000). The instalment purchase programme is refinanced through a fully collateralised consumer loan ABS facility with a total volume of senior notes of KEUR 275,000. As at 31 December 2023, it was utilised at an amount of KEUR 230,523 (2022: KEUR 175,523). In addition, the fully collateralised merchant financing ABS facility with a total senior notes volume of KEUR 100,000 was concluded in December 2023 to refinance the dealer financing programme. As at the balance sheet date, this credit line had been utilised in the amount of KEUR 38,605. Due to their long-term nature, these credit lines are recognised under non-current financial liabilities. For further details, please refer to the information in the notes to the consolidated financial statements under liquidity risks.

The other financial liabilities mainly include lease liabilities, of which as at 31 December 2023 the non-current portion amounted to KEUR 43,488 (2022: KEUR 49,233) and the current portion amounted to KEUR 26,356 (2022: KEUR 24,809).

Current liabilities mainly consisted of trade payables, which increased as at the balance sheet date compared to the previous year's balance sheet date due to the increase in purchasing activities. The contract liabilities recognised under other liabilities also increased as a result of the higher business volume as at the balance sheet date.

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4. Overall Assessment

The Management Board considers AUTO1 Group's financial performance, assets, liabilities and financial position to be positive. Despite the fact that in the financial year 2023, tense macroeconomic and industry-specific market conditions persisted, the Group was able to achieve its targets on the path to profitability. The Group's gross profit reached a new all-time high in the year 2023. Losses on the basis of adjusted EBITDA were significantly reduced. In addition, the expansion of the consumer loan ABS facility to refinance the instalment purchase programme and the use of the new merchant financing ABS facility to refinance the dealer financing programme secured the planned long-term growth.

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