Michael A. Taylor
Chairman at Centre for Alternative Technology Charity Ltd.
Net worth: 15 M $ as of 30/05/2024
Active connections
| Name | Gender | Age | Linked companies | Collaboration |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ben Blomberg | M | - |
Threadneedle Asset Management Ltd.
 Threadneedle Asset Management Ltd. Investment ManagersFinance Threadneedle Asset Management Ltd. (Threadneedle AM) is the wholly-owned global asset management subsidiary of TC Financing Ltd., ultimately held by Ameriprise Financial, Inc. (NYSE: AMP) in the US. Headquartered in London, the firm was founded in 1994 and manages assets for a range of clients which includes pension schemes, insurance companies, private investors and corporations. Threadneedle AM is a socially responsible investor which believes they have a responsibility to, and will benefit from, exercising environmental and social stewardship throughout their firm. | 19 years |
| Jonathan Crown | M | - |
Threadneedle Asset Management Ltd.
Threadneedle Asset Management Ltd. Investment ManagersFinance Threadneedle Asset Management Ltd. (Threadneedle AM) is the wholly-owned global asset management subsidiary of TC Financing Ltd., ultimately held by Ameriprise Financial, Inc. (NYSE: AMP) in the US. Headquartered in London, the firm was founded in 1994 and manages assets for a range of clients which includes pension schemes, insurance companies, private investors and corporations. Threadneedle AM is a socially responsible investor which believes they have a responsibility to, and will benefit from, exercising environmental and social stewardship throughout their firm. | 19 years |
| Paul Nigel Booth | M | - |
Centre for Alternative Technology Charity Ltd.
 Centre for Alternative Technology Charity Ltd. Miscellaneous Commercial ServicesCommercial Services Centre for Alternative Technology Charity Ltd. is an organization that has been promoting sustainability for over 50 years. The non-profit company is based in Machynlleth, UK and their accommodation is housed within the WISE building, an award-winning eco facility. The British company offers free independent advice on sustainability and provide practical solutions for creating a zero carbon world. The company also welcomes school groups and support councils, communities, and other organizations to act on the climate and biodiversity emergency. The company was founded in 1973 by Gerard Morgan-Grenville. | - |
| Andrew Campbell Menzies | M | - |
Centre for Alternative Technology Charity Ltd.
Centre for Alternative Technology Charity Ltd. Miscellaneous Commercial ServicesCommercial Services Centre for Alternative Technology Charity Ltd. is an organization that has been promoting sustainability for over 50 years. The non-profit company is based in Machynlleth, UK and their accommodation is housed within the WISE building, an award-winning eco facility. The British company offers free independent advice on sustainability and provide practical solutions for creating a zero carbon world. The company also welcomes school groups and support councils, communities, and other organizations to act on the climate and biodiversity emergency. The company was founded in 1973 by Gerard Morgan-Grenville. | 6 years |
| Rosetta Margaret Plummer | M | - |
Centre for Alternative Technology Charity Ltd.
Centre for Alternative Technology Charity Ltd. Miscellaneous Commercial ServicesCommercial Services Centre for Alternative Technology Charity Ltd. is an organization that has been promoting sustainability for over 50 years. The non-profit company is based in Machynlleth, UK and their accommodation is housed within the WISE building, an award-winning eco facility. The British company offers free independent advice on sustainability and provide practical solutions for creating a zero carbon world. The company also welcomes school groups and support councils, communities, and other organizations to act on the climate and biodiversity emergency. The company was founded in 1973 by Gerard Morgan-Grenville. | - |
| Roger Denis Thomas | M | - |
Centre for Alternative Technology Charity Ltd.
Centre for Alternative Technology Charity Ltd. Miscellaneous Commercial ServicesCommercial Services Centre for Alternative Technology Charity Ltd. is an organization that has been promoting sustainability for over 50 years. The non-profit company is based in Machynlleth, UK and their accommodation is housed within the WISE building, an award-winning eco facility. The British company offers free independent advice on sustainability and provide practical solutions for creating a zero carbon world. The company also welcomes school groups and support councils, communities, and other organizations to act on the climate and biodiversity emergency. The company was founded in 1973 by Gerard Morgan-Grenville. | - |
| Sara Jane Carr | M | - |
Centre for Alternative Technology Charity Ltd.
Centre for Alternative Technology Charity Ltd. Miscellaneous Commercial ServicesCommercial Services Centre for Alternative Technology Charity Ltd. is an organization that has been promoting sustainability for over 50 years. The non-profit company is based in Machynlleth, UK and their accommodation is housed within the WISE building, an award-winning eco facility. The British company offers free independent advice on sustainability and provide practical solutions for creating a zero carbon world. The company also welcomes school groups and support councils, communities, and other organizations to act on the climate and biodiversity emergency. The company was founded in 1973 by Gerard Morgan-Grenville. | 14 years |
| Kalyani Gandhi-Rhodes | F | - |
Centre for Alternative Technology Charity Ltd.
Centre for Alternative Technology Charity Ltd. Miscellaneous Commercial ServicesCommercial Services Centre for Alternative Technology Charity Ltd. is an organization that has been promoting sustainability for over 50 years. The non-profit company is based in Machynlleth, UK and their accommodation is housed within the WISE building, an award-winning eco facility. The British company offers free independent advice on sustainability and provide practical solutions for creating a zero carbon world. The company also welcomes school groups and support councils, communities, and other organizations to act on the climate and biodiversity emergency. The company was founded in 1973 by Gerard Morgan-Grenville. | - |
| Anthony Reginald Gross | M | - |
Centre for Alternative Technology Charity Ltd.
Centre for Alternative Technology Charity Ltd. Miscellaneous Commercial ServicesCommercial Services Centre for Alternative Technology Charity Ltd. is an organization that has been promoting sustainability for over 50 years. The non-profit company is based in Machynlleth, UK and their accommodation is housed within the WISE building, an award-winning eco facility. The British company offers free independent advice on sustainability and provide practical solutions for creating a zero carbon world. The company also welcomes school groups and support councils, communities, and other organizations to act on the climate and biodiversity emergency. The company was founded in 1973 by Gerard Morgan-Grenville. | - |
| Andrew Pearman | M | - |
Centre for Alternative Technology Charity Ltd.
Centre for Alternative Technology Charity Ltd. Miscellaneous Commercial ServicesCommercial Services Centre for Alternative Technology Charity Ltd. is an organization that has been promoting sustainability for over 50 years. The non-profit company is based in Machynlleth, UK and their accommodation is housed within the WISE building, an award-winning eco facility. The British company offers free independent advice on sustainability and provide practical solutions for creating a zero carbon world. The company also welcomes school groups and support councils, communities, and other organizations to act on the climate and biodiversity emergency. The company was founded in 1973 by Gerard Morgan-Grenville. | - |
Connections Chart
Multi-company connection
Former connections
| Name | Gender | Age | Linked companies | Collaboration |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Graham Kitchen | M | 57 |
Threadneedle Asset Management Ltd.
Threadneedle Asset Management Ltd. Investment ManagersFinance Threadneedle Asset Management Ltd. (Threadneedle AM) is the wholly-owned global asset management subsidiary of TC Financing Ltd., ultimately held by Ameriprise Financial, Inc. (NYSE: AMP) in the US. Headquartered in London, the firm was founded in 1994 and manages assets for a range of clients which includes pension schemes, insurance companies, private investors and corporations. Threadneedle AM is a socially responsible investor which believes they have a responsibility to, and will benefit from, exercising environmental and social stewardship throughout their firm. | 1 years |
| Leigh James Harrison | M | - |
Threadneedle Asset Management Ltd.
Threadneedle Asset Management Ltd. Investment ManagersFinance Threadneedle Asset Management Ltd. (Threadneedle AM) is the wholly-owned global asset management subsidiary of TC Financing Ltd., ultimately held by Ameriprise Financial, Inc. (NYSE: AMP) in the US. Headquartered in London, the firm was founded in 1994 and manages assets for a range of clients which includes pension schemes, insurance companies, private investors and corporations. Threadneedle AM is a socially responsible investor which believes they have a responsibility to, and will benefit from, exercising environmental and social stewardship throughout their firm. | 10 years |
| Ed Gaunt | M | - |
Threadneedle Asset Management Ltd.
Threadneedle Asset Management Ltd. Investment ManagersFinance Threadneedle Asset Management Ltd. (Threadneedle AM) is the wholly-owned global asset management subsidiary of TC Financing Ltd., ultimately held by Ameriprise Financial, Inc. (NYSE: AMP) in the US. Headquartered in London, the firm was founded in 1994 and manages assets for a range of clients which includes pension schemes, insurance companies, private investors and corporations. Threadneedle AM is a socially responsible investor which believes they have a responsibility to, and will benefit from, exercising environmental and social stewardship throughout their firm. | 3 years |
| Peter D. Allwright | M | - |
Threadneedle Asset Management Ltd.
Threadneedle Asset Management Ltd. Investment ManagersFinance Threadneedle Asset Management Ltd. (Threadneedle AM) is the wholly-owned global asset management subsidiary of TC Financing Ltd., ultimately held by Ameriprise Financial, Inc. (NYSE: AMP) in the US. Headquartered in London, the firm was founded in 1994 and manages assets for a range of clients which includes pension schemes, insurance companies, private investors and corporations. Threadneedle AM is a socially responsible investor which believes they have a responsibility to, and will benefit from, exercising environmental and social stewardship throughout their firm. | 5 years |
| Adam Peter Spagnoletti | M | - |
Threadneedle Asset Management Ltd.
Threadneedle Asset Management Ltd. Investment ManagersFinance Threadneedle Asset Management Ltd. (Threadneedle AM) is the wholly-owned global asset management subsidiary of TC Financing Ltd., ultimately held by Ameriprise Financial, Inc. (NYSE: AMP) in the US. Headquartered in London, the firm was founded in 1994 and manages assets for a range of clients which includes pension schemes, insurance companies, private investors and corporations. Threadneedle AM is a socially responsible investor which believes they have a responsibility to, and will benefit from, exercising environmental and social stewardship throughout their firm. | 5 years |
| Jan C. de Bruijn | M | - |
Threadneedle Asset Management Ltd.
Threadneedle Asset Management Ltd. Investment ManagersFinance Threadneedle Asset Management Ltd. (Threadneedle AM) is the wholly-owned global asset management subsidiary of TC Financing Ltd., ultimately held by Ameriprise Financial, Inc. (NYSE: AMP) in the US. Headquartered in London, the firm was founded in 1994 and manages assets for a range of clients which includes pension schemes, insurance companies, private investors and corporations. Threadneedle AM is a socially responsible investor which believes they have a responsibility to, and will benefit from, exercising environmental and social stewardship throughout their firm. | 3 years |
| Mark Westwood | M | - |
Threadneedle Asset Management Ltd.
Threadneedle Asset Management Ltd. Investment ManagersFinance Threadneedle Asset Management Ltd. (Threadneedle AM) is the wholly-owned global asset management subsidiary of TC Financing Ltd., ultimately held by Ameriprise Financial, Inc. (NYSE: AMP) in the US. Headquartered in London, the firm was founded in 1994 and manages assets for a range of clients which includes pension schemes, insurance companies, private investors and corporations. Threadneedle AM is a socially responsible investor which believes they have a responsibility to, and will benefit from, exercising environmental and social stewardship throughout their firm. | 13 years |
| Alex Robarts | M | - |
Threadneedle Asset Management Ltd.
Threadneedle Asset Management Ltd. Investment ManagersFinance Threadneedle Asset Management Ltd. (Threadneedle AM) is the wholly-owned global asset management subsidiary of TC Financing Ltd., ultimately held by Ameriprise Financial, Inc. (NYSE: AMP) in the US. Headquartered in London, the firm was founded in 1994 and manages assets for a range of clients which includes pension schemes, insurance companies, private investors and corporations. Threadneedle AM is a socially responsible investor which believes they have a responsibility to, and will benefit from, exercising environmental and social stewardship throughout their firm. | 4 years |
| Duncan Karl Farley | M | - |
Threadneedle Asset Management Ltd.
Threadneedle Asset Management Ltd. Investment ManagersFinance Threadneedle Asset Management Ltd. (Threadneedle AM) is the wholly-owned global asset management subsidiary of TC Financing Ltd., ultimately held by Ameriprise Financial, Inc. (NYSE: AMP) in the US. Headquartered in London, the firm was founded in 1994 and manages assets for a range of clients which includes pension schemes, insurance companies, private investors and corporations. Threadneedle AM is a socially responsible investor which believes they have a responsibility to, and will benefit from, exercising environmental and social stewardship throughout their firm. | 6 years |
| Tom Challenor | M | - |
Threadneedle Asset Management Ltd.
Threadneedle Asset Management Ltd. Investment ManagersFinance Threadneedle Asset Management Ltd. (Threadneedle AM) is the wholly-owned global asset management subsidiary of TC Financing Ltd., ultimately held by Ameriprise Financial, Inc. (NYSE: AMP) in the US. Headquartered in London, the firm was founded in 1994 and manages assets for a range of clients which includes pension schemes, insurance companies, private investors and corporations. Threadneedle AM is a socially responsible investor which believes they have a responsibility to, and will benefit from, exercising environmental and social stewardship throughout their firm. | 4 years |
| Nathan Hargreaves | M | - |
Threadneedle Asset Management Ltd.
Threadneedle Asset Management Ltd. Investment ManagersFinance Threadneedle Asset Management Ltd. (Threadneedle AM) is the wholly-owned global asset management subsidiary of TC Financing Ltd., ultimately held by Ameriprise Financial, Inc. (NYSE: AMP) in the US. Headquartered in London, the firm was founded in 1994 and manages assets for a range of clients which includes pension schemes, insurance companies, private investors and corporations. Threadneedle AM is a socially responsible investor which believes they have a responsibility to, and will benefit from, exercising environmental and social stewardship throughout their firm. | 15 years |
| Michael Allan Poole | M | - |
Threadneedle Asset Management Ltd.
Threadneedle Asset Management Ltd. Investment ManagersFinance Threadneedle Asset Management Ltd. (Threadneedle AM) is the wholly-owned global asset management subsidiary of TC Financing Ltd., ultimately held by Ameriprise Financial, Inc. (NYSE: AMP) in the US. Headquartered in London, the firm was founded in 1994 and manages assets for a range of clients which includes pension schemes, insurance companies, private investors and corporations. Threadneedle AM is a socially responsible investor which believes they have a responsibility to, and will benefit from, exercising environmental and social stewardship throughout their firm. | - |
| Roman Uwe Gaiser | M | - |
Threadneedle Asset Management Ltd.
Threadneedle Asset Management Ltd. Investment ManagersFinance Threadneedle Asset Management Ltd. (Threadneedle AM) is the wholly-owned global asset management subsidiary of TC Financing Ltd., ultimately held by Ameriprise Financial, Inc. (NYSE: AMP) in the US. Headquartered in London, the firm was founded in 1994 and manages assets for a range of clients which includes pension schemes, insurance companies, private investors and corporations. Threadneedle AM is a socially responsible investor which believes they have a responsibility to, and will benefit from, exercising environmental and social stewardship throughout their firm. | 6 years |
| Martin Francis Harvey | M | - |
Threadneedle Asset Management Ltd.
Threadneedle Asset Management Ltd. Investment ManagersFinance Threadneedle Asset Management Ltd. (Threadneedle AM) is the wholly-owned global asset management subsidiary of TC Financing Ltd., ultimately held by Ameriprise Financial, Inc. (NYSE: AMP) in the US. Headquartered in London, the firm was founded in 1994 and manages assets for a range of clients which includes pension schemes, insurance companies, private investors and corporations. Threadneedle AM is a socially responsible investor which believes they have a responsibility to, and will benefit from, exercising environmental and social stewardship throughout their firm. | 10 years |
| Rupert Welchman | M | - |
Threadneedle Asset Management Ltd.
Threadneedle Asset Management Ltd. Investment ManagersFinance Threadneedle Asset Management Ltd. (Threadneedle AM) is the wholly-owned global asset management subsidiary of TC Financing Ltd., ultimately held by Ameriprise Financial, Inc. (NYSE: AMP) in the US. Headquartered in London, the firm was founded in 1994 and manages assets for a range of clients which includes pension schemes, insurance companies, private investors and corporations. Threadneedle AM is a socially responsible investor which believes they have a responsibility to, and will benefit from, exercising environmental and social stewardship throughout their firm. | 9 years |
| Sarah Louise Williams | F | - |
Threadneedle Asset Management Ltd.
Threadneedle Asset Management Ltd. Investment ManagersFinance Threadneedle Asset Management Ltd. (Threadneedle AM) is the wholly-owned global asset management subsidiary of TC Financing Ltd., ultimately held by Ameriprise Financial, Inc. (NYSE: AMP) in the US. Headquartered in London, the firm was founded in 1994 and manages assets for a range of clients which includes pension schemes, insurance companies, private investors and corporations. Threadneedle AM is a socially responsible investor which believes they have a responsibility to, and will benefit from, exercising environmental and social stewardship throughout their firm. | 12 years |
| Maxine Cuffe | F | - |
Threadneedle Asset Management Ltd.
Threadneedle Asset Management Ltd. Investment ManagersFinance Threadneedle Asset Management Ltd. (Threadneedle AM) is the wholly-owned global asset management subsidiary of TC Financing Ltd., ultimately held by Ameriprise Financial, Inc. (NYSE: AMP) in the US. Headquartered in London, the firm was founded in 1994 and manages assets for a range of clients which includes pension schemes, insurance companies, private investors and corporations. Threadneedle AM is a socially responsible investor which believes they have a responsibility to, and will benefit from, exercising environmental and social stewardship throughout their firm. | 2 years |
| Katy Dobson | F | - |
Threadneedle Asset Management Ltd.
Threadneedle Asset Management Ltd. Investment ManagersFinance Threadneedle Asset Management Ltd. (Threadneedle AM) is the wholly-owned global asset management subsidiary of TC Financing Ltd., ultimately held by Ameriprise Financial, Inc. (NYSE: AMP) in the US. Headquartered in London, the firm was founded in 1994 and manages assets for a range of clients which includes pension schemes, insurance companies, private investors and corporations. Threadneedle AM is a socially responsible investor which believes they have a responsibility to, and will benefit from, exercising environmental and social stewardship throughout their firm. | 3 years |
| Sunita Goklaney | F | - |
Threadneedle Asset Management Ltd.
Threadneedle Asset Management Ltd. Investment ManagersFinance Threadneedle Asset Management Ltd. (Threadneedle AM) is the wholly-owned global asset management subsidiary of TC Financing Ltd., ultimately held by Ameriprise Financial, Inc. (NYSE: AMP) in the US. Headquartered in London, the firm was founded in 1994 and manages assets for a range of clients which includes pension schemes, insurance companies, private investors and corporations. Threadneedle AM is a socially responsible investor which believes they have a responsibility to, and will benefit from, exercising environmental and social stewardship throughout their firm. | 4 years |
| David Rosier | M | - |
Threadneedle Asset Management Ltd.
Threadneedle Asset Management Ltd. Investment ManagersFinance Threadneedle Asset Management Ltd. (Threadneedle AM) is the wholly-owned global asset management subsidiary of TC Financing Ltd., ultimately held by Ameriprise Financial, Inc. (NYSE: AMP) in the US. Headquartered in London, the firm was founded in 1994 and manages assets for a range of clients which includes pension schemes, insurance companies, private investors and corporations. Threadneedle AM is a socially responsible investor which believes they have a responsibility to, and will benefit from, exercising environmental and social stewardship throughout their firm. | - |
| Alex Kydd | M | - |
Threadneedle Asset Management Ltd.
Threadneedle Asset Management Ltd. Investment ManagersFinance Threadneedle Asset Management Ltd. (Threadneedle AM) is the wholly-owned global asset management subsidiary of TC Financing Ltd., ultimately held by Ameriprise Financial, Inc. (NYSE: AMP) in the US. Headquartered in London, the firm was founded in 1994 and manages assets for a range of clients which includes pension schemes, insurance companies, private investors and corporations. Threadneedle AM is a socially responsible investor which believes they have a responsibility to, and will benefit from, exercising environmental and social stewardship throughout their firm. | 3 years |
| Phil Cliff | M | - |
Threadneedle Asset Management Ltd.
Threadneedle Asset Management Ltd. Investment ManagersFinance Threadneedle Asset Management Ltd. (Threadneedle AM) is the wholly-owned global asset management subsidiary of TC Financing Ltd., ultimately held by Ameriprise Financial, Inc. (NYSE: AMP) in the US. Headquartered in London, the firm was founded in 1994 and manages assets for a range of clients which includes pension schemes, insurance companies, private investors and corporations. Threadneedle AM is a socially responsible investor which believes they have a responsibility to, and will benefit from, exercising environmental and social stewardship throughout their firm. | 3 years |
| Bill Barker | M | - |
Threadneedle Asset Management Ltd.
Threadneedle Asset Management Ltd. Investment ManagersFinance Threadneedle Asset Management Ltd. (Threadneedle AM) is the wholly-owned global asset management subsidiary of TC Financing Ltd., ultimately held by Ameriprise Financial, Inc. (NYSE: AMP) in the US. Headquartered in London, the firm was founded in 1994 and manages assets for a range of clients which includes pension schemes, insurance companies, private investors and corporations. Threadneedle AM is a socially responsible investor which believes they have a responsibility to, and will benefit from, exercising environmental and social stewardship throughout their firm. | 3 years |
| Robert L. Graham-Brown | M | - |
Threadneedle Asset Management Ltd.
Threadneedle Asset Management Ltd. Investment ManagersFinance Threadneedle Asset Management Ltd. (Threadneedle AM) is the wholly-owned global asset management subsidiary of TC Financing Ltd., ultimately held by Ameriprise Financial, Inc. (NYSE: AMP) in the US. Headquartered in London, the firm was founded in 1994 and manages assets for a range of clients which includes pension schemes, insurance companies, private investors and corporations. Threadneedle AM is a socially responsible investor which believes they have a responsibility to, and will benefit from, exercising environmental and social stewardship throughout their firm. | 1 years |
| Mark James David Holden | M | - |
Threadneedle Asset Management Ltd.
Threadneedle Asset Management Ltd. Investment ManagersFinance Threadneedle Asset Management Ltd. (Threadneedle AM) is the wholly-owned global asset management subsidiary of TC Financing Ltd., ultimately held by Ameriprise Financial, Inc. (NYSE: AMP) in the US. Headquartered in London, the firm was founded in 1994 and manages assets for a range of clients which includes pension schemes, insurance companies, private investors and corporations. Threadneedle AM is a socially responsible investor which believes they have a responsibility to, and will benefit from, exercising environmental and social stewardship throughout their firm. | 1 years |
| Peter Timothy Wilton | M | 60 |
Threadneedle Asset Management Ltd.
Threadneedle Asset Management Ltd. Investment ManagersFinance Threadneedle Asset Management Ltd. (Threadneedle AM) is the wholly-owned global asset management subsidiary of TC Financing Ltd., ultimately held by Ameriprise Financial, Inc. (NYSE: AMP) in the US. Headquartered in London, the firm was founded in 1994 and manages assets for a range of clients which includes pension schemes, insurance companies, private investors and corporations. Threadneedle AM is a socially responsible investor which believes they have a responsibility to, and will benefit from, exercising environmental and social stewardship throughout their firm. | 3 years |
| Forsyth Ferguson McGarrity | M | - |
Threadneedle Asset Management Ltd.
Threadneedle Asset Management Ltd. Investment ManagersFinance Threadneedle Asset Management Ltd. (Threadneedle AM) is the wholly-owned global asset management subsidiary of TC Financing Ltd., ultimately held by Ameriprise Financial, Inc. (NYSE: AMP) in the US. Headquartered in London, the firm was founded in 1994 and manages assets for a range of clients which includes pension schemes, insurance companies, private investors and corporations. Threadneedle AM is a socially responsible investor which believes they have a responsibility to, and will benefit from, exercising environmental and social stewardship throughout their firm. | 3 years |
| Maxine A. Cuffe | F | - |
Threadneedle Asset Management Ltd.
Threadneedle Asset Management Ltd. Investment ManagersFinance Threadneedle Asset Management Ltd. (Threadneedle AM) is the wholly-owned global asset management subsidiary of TC Financing Ltd., ultimately held by Ameriprise Financial, Inc. (NYSE: AMP) in the US. Headquartered in London, the firm was founded in 1994 and manages assets for a range of clients which includes pension schemes, insurance companies, private investors and corporations. Threadneedle AM is a socially responsible investor which believes they have a responsibility to, and will benefit from, exercising environmental and social stewardship throughout their firm. | 2 years |
Statistics
| Country | Connections | % of total |
|---|---|---|
| United Kingdom | 38 | 100.00% |
Age of Connections
Active
Past
Male
Female
Members of the board
Executives
Origin of connections
- Stock Market
- Insiders
- Michael A. Taylor
- Personal Network
