But it still beat both the company's and market's expectations.

The world's largest contract chipmaker includes tech giants Apple and Nvidia as customers.

It has benefited from a boom in artificial intelligence applications.

Revenue in the final three months of last year came in at $20.1 billion - slightly up from a year before.

Both TSMC and analysts had predicted lower than that.

But December proved a challenging month.

TSMC reported revenue fell 8.4% year-on-year, sharply worse than in the previous month.

The firm did not provide any details or forward guidance in its brief revenue statement.

It is due to report fourth-quarter earnings on January 18, when the firm will also update its outlook for the current quarter and the year.