TotalEnergies
1 I
November 4th, 2025
Neptune Floating Storage and Regasification Unit (FSRU) - Turkey
Energy access is essential to human development
Today
~4.6 bnpeople lack
access to energy
(below ̴ 70 GJ/capita)
UN Human Development Index
Asia OECD
North America
Europe
Middle East
Latin
America
Central Asia
Asia
non-OECD
Africa
1,0
0,9
0,8
0,7
0,6
0,5
Primary Energy Demand per capita (GJ/capita)
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Insufficient
Sufficient
Overabundant
2 I TotalEnergies Energy Outlook 2025 - November 4th, 2025
Sources: HDI: UN data, TPED: Energy Institute & Our World in Data, Population: Oxford Economics, graph adapted from Smil (2017)
PART 1
Analysis with the AUSEA drone of emissions at the Cidade de Caraguatatuba FPSO (MV 27), at the Lapa Field - Brazil
Looking back:
3 I
what has happened since the 2015 Paris Agreement
Part 1 Looking back
ENERGY AND EMISSIONS
Evolution of global energy indicators since 2000
Primary energy demand grows s lower than GDP as CO2emissions start to decouple Evolution s ince 20002000=100
230
220
210
200
190
180
170
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
Natural gas demand
2.3%
2.7%
Total primary energy demand 1.9%
2.2%
CO2emissions
Energy efficiency
1.7%
0.8%
1.4%
1.0%
Population
Oil products demand
1.2%
1.1%
0.9%
0.8%
2024e
Compound Annual Growth Rates (CAGR)
GDP
3.3%
3.2%
Renewablle eneerrgy s upplly
Coal demand
3.0%
2.7%
5.38%
1.0%
2000-2024e 2023-2024e
4 I TotalEnergies Energy Outlook 2025 - November 4th, 2025
Source: Oxford Economics, Enerdata, IEA "Global Energy Review 2025"
Part 1 Looking back
ENERGY AND EMISSIONS
Global and Energy-related GHG emissions
Coal in electricity generation is the s ingle largest source of emissions Global anthropogenic GHG emissions in 2023GtCO2e
Global energy-related GHG emissions in 2023GtCO2e
Methane from
fossil fuels***
Methane from the energy system*
Other methane emissions
Electricity generation**
Transport
0 5 10 15
74%
4% 22%
8
98%
14
Other greenhouse gases (N2O, F-gases,…)
~56 Gt CO2eEnergy-related GHG emissions
~39 GtIndustry 6
31% 59%
59%
14% 27%
Buildings 3
From land use change
From industrial processes
Energy related CO2emissions
Energy system***
Methane from energy
system *
Agriculture Methane from the energy
system*
49%18%33% 3
1
31% | 38% | 23% |
8%
4
Energy related
CO2 emissions
5 I TotalEnergies Energy Outlook 2025 - November 4th, 2025
GHG: GreenHous e Gases
Sources: IEA, Enerdata, UNEP, CITEPA, EDGAR, TTE internal analysis
* Includes methane emissions from the production and transport of fossil fuels and bioenergies
** Includes heat combined with power
*** Includes energy sector own use, transport losses and energy transformation
Part 1 Looking back
ENERGY AND EMISSIONS
Recent trends across regions
Emissions have grown less than energy demand s ince 2015Total Primary Energy Demand (TPED) growth
EJ
Energy-related CO2emissions evolutionGtCO2
419
30%
4%
56%
10%
41%
22%
6%
31%
572
657
CAGR 2000-2015
35%
26%
7%
32%
+2.1 %
+2.4 %
+4.6 %
+7.4 %
+0.0 %
-0.2 %
-0.3 %
CAGR 2015-2024
+1.6 %
+1.7 %
+3.6 %
+3.7 %
-0.2 %
+0.0 %
-1.2 %
World
OECD
o/w U.S. o/w EU
CAGR 2000-2015
+2.3 %
+2.5 %
+6.1 %
+7.2 %
-0.4 %
-0.9 %
-0.9 %
CAGR 2015-2024
+0.9 %
+1.4 %
+3.6 %
+2.3 %
-1.3 %
-1.1 %
-2.3 %
World
OECD
o/w U.S. o/w EU
35
38%
28%
7%
27%
31%
32%
9%
28%
33
23
26%
4%
14%
56%
2000 2015
Paris agreement
2024e
2000 2015 2024e
Paris agreement
Paris agreement
OECD China India Rest of World
Energy demand in OECD countries has broadly remained flat s ince 2000, while China, India, and the Rest of World have grown from less than half to almost two-thirds of global energy demand.
6 I TotalEnergies Energy Outlook 2025 - November 4th, 2025
Emissions growth has s lowed markedly s ince 2015. The OECD share of global emissions has declined from more than half in 2000 to around one-third in 2024.
Source: Enerdata, TTE internal analysis
Part 1 Looking back
COUNTRY FOCUS
The United States
Between 2015 and 2025, the U.S. has become a net exporter of oil and gas Oil products* production by regionMb/d, % of global production
LNG exports by regionMtpa, % of total supply
Fuel shares and emissions of the U.S. electricity mix% of fuel (left) and carbon intensity (right)
2010
U.S.
2024e
11%
U.S. imports
9.4 Mb/d
U.S.
Saudi Arabia
9%
Saudi Arabia
11%
2.7X20%
Qatar
2010
U.S. exports
2.3 Mb/d
2024e
U.S. 0%
26%
Qatar
19%
U.S.
21%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
(gCO2/kWh) 700
Carbon
intensity
Gas
Coal
600
500
400
300
200
100
0 5 10 15 20 25
0 20 40 60 80 100
0% 0
2005 2010 2015 2020 2024e
The U.S. became net exporter of gas in 2017, and of petroleum** products in 2020
The U.S. has reduced its emissions by 21% s ince 2005, out of which coal-to-gas switching in electricity generation accounts for 85%7 I TotalEnergies Energy Outlook 2025 - November 4th, 2025
* Oil products supply includes crude oil, condensate, NGL and biofuels
** Petroleum products include crude oil, condensate, unfinished oils and refined products
Source: Enerdata, TTE internal analysis
Part 1 Looking back
COUNTRY FOCUS
China
The rise of clean energy superpower Electricity supply in China by fuel, 2000-2024eElectricity generation growth:
+9%/year from 2000 to 2024
Zero-carbon generation in mix: 17% (2000) → 38% (2024)
TWh
22%
78%
4%
Solar PV Panel
10 000
China's market shares of new supply chains% of China vs. rest of the world in 2024e***
8 000
6 000
59%
20%
14%
Polysilicon Wafer
Cell
4 000
2 000
Rare Earths Refining
0
77%
76%
17%
71%
19%
64%
11%
5%
17%
2000 2010 2015 2020 2024e
86% 97%
9%
91%
Ore extraction Ore processing
87%
Light Vehicle sales in ChinaMillions
25%
75%
70%
91%
30
20 14.0
100%
10
22.5 24.0 24.5
LV EV**: 14% of Chinese LV fleet in 2025
Battery
Lithium refining
Cathode Anode
Cell
99%
20%
54%
95%
0 4% 26%
2010 2015 2019 2024e
65%
85%
95%
83%
China accounted for more than half of global renewables capacity and EV additions in 2024
China is dominant in most global clean energy supply chains - but facing domestic overcapacity challenges
8 I TotalEnergies Energy Outlook 2025 - November 4th, 2025
* Renewables include Solar PV, Wind and Biomass
** LV (Light Vehicles), EV (Electric Vehicles) = BEV (Battery Electric Vehicle) + PHEV (Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle)
*** Sources: IEA, BNEF, TTE internal analysis
Part 1 Looking back
TECHNOLOGY
Electricity generation mix
Energy security and affordability supported by coal in emerging countries, with CO2intensity reduction driven by renewables and increased coal efficiency World electricity generation by fuel*TWh
Coal-fired generation capacity annual additions and retirements***GW Other Countries
35 000
100 88
30 840
30 000
26 790
7%
8%
+ 1200 TWhest
25 000
21 470
15%
20 000
9%
15 330
80% of
zero-carbon sources
15 000
22%
Other Solar Wind Biomass Hydro Nuclear Gas
Oil Coal
10 000
5 000
34%
2023-24e growth
0
2000
2010
2020
2024e
2020-2024: Power generation emissions increase from 8.1 to 14.6 Gt
CO2, with carbon intensity falling from ~530 to ~470 g CO2e/kWh**
80 6
12
60
40 29
63
20 9
14
0
56
8 43
7
4
42
30
Other Asia European Union United States India
China
2024
0
17%
17%
18%
7%
39%
16%
13%
22%
4%
40%
6%
16%
10%
24%
35%
2000 2010 2020 2024e
-12
-5 |
-11 |
-10
-4
-20
-40
-60
-18
-12
-12
-44
-27
More efficient new coal power plants: average carbon intensity from ~940 to ~900 gCO2e/kWh s ince 2000** - Load factor from 62% to 51%
9 I TotalEnergies Energy Outlook 2025 - November 4th, 2025
Sources: * TTE internal analysis, Enerdata, IEA
** Ember
*** Global Energy Monitor
Part 1 Looking back
TECHNOLOGY
Cost of producing 24/7 reliable electricity
While costs have fallen sharply, solar PV remains more expensive than natural gas for delivering 24/7 reliable electricity Cost of wind and solar capacity*$/kW (2010-2023)
7000
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
CAGR 2010-23
- 4.9 %
- 5.0 %
Cost of a 24/7 reliable electricity - EU example**PV (20%) + Batteries (80%)
$/MWh
120
+46
100
95
54
100
80
60
40
20
- 13.9 %
0
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022 2023
0
PV Batteries Total CCGT @100%
Offshore wind Onshore wind Solar PV
Note: The total installed costs represent the total cost of completing a project (including project development costs, grid connection, equipment, installation, civil engineering, contingency, etc.)
Variable Cost
CO2pricing is essential for decarbonizing the electricity grid
Note: Cost estimates refer to newly installed capacities in EU27 countries in 2025
10 I TotalEnergies Energy Outlook 2025 - November 4 , 2025
th Sources: * IRENA, "Renewable Power Generation Costs in 2023"
** Internal calculations based on average assumptions derived from Wood Mackenzie, IHS, and BNEF
Attachments
- Original document
- Permalink
Disclaimer
TotalEnergies SE published this content on November 04, 2025, and is solely responsible for the information contained herein. Distributed via Public Technologies (PUBT), unedited and unaltered, on November 04, 2025 at 14:20 UTC.
