Robinhood Markets, Inc. Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited, in millions)
2022
2023
2024
2025
Q4
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Revenues:
Options
$ 124
$ 133
$ 127
$ 124
$ 121
$ 154
$ 182
$ 202
$ 222
$ 240
$ 265
$ 304
$ 314
Cryptocurrencies
39
38
31
23
43
126
81
61
358
252
160
268
221
Equities
21
27
25
27
25
39
40
37
61
56
66
86
94
Other
2
9
10
11
11
10
24
19
31
35
48
72
147
Transaction-based revenues
186
207
193
185
200
329
327
319
672
583
539
730
776
Net interest revenues
167
208
234
251
236
254
285
274
296
290
357
456
411
Other revenues
27
26
59
31
35
35
70
44
46
54
93
88
96
Total net revenues
380
441
486
467
471
618
682
637
1,014
927
989
1,274
1,283
Operating expenses:
Brokerage and transaction
85
36
39
39
32
35
40
39
50
50
48
56
57
Technology and development
180
199
207
202
197
196
209
205
208
214
214
237
232
Operations
35
33
30
27
26
28
28
27
29
31
29
33
37
Provision for credit losses
8
9
6
14
14
16
18
23
19
24
28
26
36
Marketing
29
26
25
28
43
67
64
59
82
105
99
102
93
General and administrative
197
647
159
230
133
118
134
133
70
133
132
185
178
Total operating expenses
534
950
466
540
445
460
493
486
458
557
550
639
633
Other income (expense), net
(14)
-
2
(2)
3
4
2
2
2
1
3
(1)
11
Income (loss) before income taxes
(168)
(509)
22
(75)
29
162
191
153
558
371
442
634
661
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes
(2)
2
(3)
10
(1)
5
3
3
(358)
35
56
78
56
Net income (loss)
$ (166)
$ (511)
$ 25
$ (85)
$ 30
$ 157
$ 188
$ 150
$ 916
$ 336
$ 386
$ 556
$ 605
Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interest
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Net income (loss) attributable to Robinhood
$ (166)
$ (511)
$ 25
$ (85)
$ 30
$ 157
$ 188
$ 150
$ 916
$ 336
$ 386
$ 556
$ 605
Net income (loss) attributable to Robinhood common stockholders
Basic
$ (166)
$ (511)
$ 25
$ (85)
$ 30
$ 157
$ 188
$ 150
$ 916
$ 336
$ 386
$ 556
$ 605
Diluted
$ (166)
$ (511)
$ 25
$ (85)
$ 30
$ 157
$ 188
$ 150
$ 916
$ 336
$ 386
$ 556
$ 605
Net income (loss) per share attributable to common stockholders:
Basic
$ (0.19)
$ (0.57)
$ 0.03
$ (0.09)
$ 0.03
$ 0.18
$ 0.21
$ 0.17
$ 1.04
$ 0.38
$ 0.44
$ 0.63
$ 0.68
Diluted
$ (0.19)
$ (0.57)
$ 0.03
$ (0.09)
$ 0.03
$ 0.18
$ 0.21
$ 0.17
$ 1.01
$ 0.37
$ 0.42
$ 0.61
$ 0.66
Weighted-average shares used to compute net income (loss) per share attributable to common stockholders:
Basic
889,239,632
896,924,695
904,984,863
895,108,790
867,298,537
875,319,407
881,076,624
884,108,545
883,884,676
884,577,603
882,149,402
889,261,220
897,877,147
Diluted
889,239,632
896,924,695
921,269,749
895,108,790
883,227,967
895,779,155
904,490,572
905,544,750
907,767,796
909,241,619
909,127,658
917,940,660
917,718,432
Quarterly Balance Sheet (in mil
Robinhood Markets, Inc. Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited, in millions)
2022
2023
2024
2025
Q4
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents
$ 6,339
$ 5,459
$ 5,829
$ 4,889
$ 4,835
$ 4,717
$ 4,524
$ 4,611
$ 4,332
$ 4,416
$ 4,162
$ 4,331
$ 4,261
Cash, cash equivalents, and securities segregated under federal and other regulations
2,995
4,213
4,220
3,448
4,448
4,521
4,584
5,547
4,724
4,442
8,939
8,443
5,749
Receivables from brokers, dealers, and clearing organizations
76
112
117
63
89
207
149
139
471
267
374
482
426
Receivables from users, net
3,218
3,152
3,313
3,704
3,495
4,303
5,040
5,546
8,239
9,167
9,685
14,390
17,994
Securities borrowed
517
844
960
1,204
1,602
2,107
2,217
3,704
3,236
4,114
6,159
6,607
2,408
Deposits with clearing organizations
186
247
223
275
338
585
551
464
489
641
720
1,440
702
User-held fractional shares
997
1,217
1,409
1,396
1,592
1,975
2,011
2,201
2,530
2,531
3,083
3,618
3,782
Held-to-maturity investments
-
290
321
372
413
495
503
527
398
192
134
53
-
Prepaid expenses
86
90
88
75
63
64
65
86
75
89
108
128
127
Deferred customer match incentives
-
-
1
2
11
32
67
73
100
113
124
161
185
Other current assets
72
75
122
128
196
316
352
251
509
243
345
326
671
Total current assets
14,486
15,699
16,603
15,556
17,082
19,322
20,063
23,149
25,103
26,215
33,833
39,979
36,305
Property, software, and equipment, net
146
137
131
123
120
122
123
133
139
140
149
150
154
Goodwill
100
100
100
164
175
175
179
179
179
292
383
386
385
Intangible assets, net
25
23
21
53
48
46
45
39
38
109
191
172
168
Non-current held-to-maturity investments
-
195
165
118
73
10
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
Non-current deferred customer match incentives
-
2
5
8
19
71
159
159
195
238
267
360
428
Non-current prepaid expenses
17
11
6
3
4
3
22
22
17
17
15
13
11
Other non-current assets
132
129
126
110
103
116
110
108
516
506
486
392
686
Total assets
$ 14,906
$ 16,296
$ 17,157
$ 16,135
$ 17,624
$ 19,865
$ 20,703
$ 23,789
$ 26,187
$ 27,517
$ 35,324
$ 41,452
$ 38,137
Liabilities and stockholders' equity
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable and accrued expenses
$ 185
$ 203
$ 236
$ 373
$ 384
$ 351
$ 386
$ 443
$ 397
$ 319
$ 369
$ 399
$ 463
Payables to users
4,701
4,986
5,111
4,325
5,097
6,074
5,789
6,264
7,448
7,116
10,511
12,317
11,986
Securities loaned
1,834
2,609
2,982
3,245
3,547
4,215
5,091
7,306
7,463
9,098
12,640
15,666
11,626
Fractional shares repurchase obligation
997
1,217
1,409
1,396
1,592
1,975
2,011
2,201
2,530
2,531
3,083
3,618
3,782
Other current liabilities
105
113
115
126
217
275
220
288
266
367
519
762
914
Total current liabilities
7,822
9,128
9,853
9,465
10,837
12,890
13,497
16,502
18,104
19,431
27,122
32,762
28,771
Other non-current liabilities
128
122
117
96
91
90
84
79
111
133
130
123
215
Total liabilities
7,950
9,250
9,970
9,561
10,928
12,980
13,581
16,581
18,215
19,564
27,252
32,885
28,986
Stockholders' equity:
Common stock
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Additional paid-in capital
11,861
12,462
12,581
12,054
12,145
12,176
12,223
12,158
12,008
11,652
11,378
11,317
11,284
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
-
-
(3)
(4)
(3)
(2)
-
1
(1)
-
7
7
8
Accumulated deficit
(4,905)
(5,416)
(5,391)
(5,476)
(5,446)
(5,289)
(5,101)
(4,951)
(4,035)
(3,699)
(3,313)
(2,757)
(2,152)
Non-controlling interest
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
11
Total stockholders' equity
6,956
7,046
7,187
6,574
6,696
6,885
7,122
7,208
7,972
7,953
8,072
8,567
9,151
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity
$ 14,906
$ 16,296
$ 17,157
$ 16,135
$ 17,624
$ 19,865
$ 20,703
$ 23,789
$ 26,187
$ 27,517
$ 35,324
$ 41,452
$ 38,137
Quarterly KPIs
Robinhood Markets, Inc. and Consolidated Subsidiaries Quarterly Metrics Report for Q4 2025 (Unaudited)
2022
2023
2024
2025
Change
Q4
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q/Q
Y/Y
(M - in millions, B - in billions)
Funded Customer Growth (M)
Funded Customers1
23.0
23.1
23.2
23.3
23.4
23.9
24.2
24.3
25.2
25.8
26.5
26.8
27.0
1%
7%
Engagement (M)
Monthly Active Users (MAU)1
11.4
11.8
10.8
10.3
10.9
13.7
11.8
11.0
14.9
14.4
12.8
13.8
13.0
(6%)
(13%)
Asset Growth ($B)
Total Platform Assets1
$62.2
$78.4
$88.8
$86.5
$102.6
$129.6
$139.7
$152.2
$192.9
$220.6
$278.6
$332.7
$324.0
(3%)
68%
Net Deposits2
$4.8
$4.4
$4.1
$4.0
$4.6
$11.2
$13.2
$10.0
$16.1
$18.0
$13.8
$20.4
$15.9
NM
NM
Trading
Trading Days (Equities and Options)
63
62
62
63
63
61
63
64
63
60
62
64
63
(2%)
-%
Total Trading Volumes1, 3
Equity ($B)
$130.0
$160.2
$155.2
$173.3
$166.8
$225.0
$243.6
$286.2
$423.3
$413.2
$517.3
$647.2
$710.3
10%
68%
Options Contracts (M)
235.9
272.4
283.3
300.8
296.4
343.6
389.7
443.4
477.2
500.1
515.4
610.1
659.2
8%
38%
Crypto ($B)4
$11.1
$11.1
$9.1
$6.8
$12.8
$36.0
$21.5
$14.4
$71.0
$46.1
$35.0
$80.3
$82.4
3%
16%
Robinhood App ($B)
$11.1
$11.1
$9.1
$6.8
$12.8
$36.0
$21.5
$14.4
$71.0
$46.1
$28.3
$39.8
$34.0
(15%)
(52%)
Bitstamp ($B)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
$6.7
$40.5
$48.4
20%
NA
Event Contracts (B)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0.3
1.0
2.3
8.5
270%
NM
Daily Average Revenue Trades (DARTs) (M)5
Equity DARTs
1.4
1.6
1.5
1.6
1.5
1.9
2.0
2.0
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.7
2.9
7%
21%
Option DARTs
0.5
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.8
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.2
1.2
-%
20%
Crypto DARTs6
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.8
0.7
0.5
0.6
0.6
-%
(25%)
Customer Margin and Cash Sweep ($B)
Margin Book1
$3.1
$3.1
$3.3
$3.6
$3.5
$4.1
$5.0
$5.5
$7.9
$8.8
$9.5
$13.9
$16.8
21%
113%
Total Cash Sweep1
$5.8
$8.9
$11.9
$13.6
$16.4
$19.0
$20.9
$24.5
$26.1
$28.2
$32.7
$35.4
$32.8
(7%)
26%
Gold Cash Sweep7
$4.8
$8.0
$11.1
$12.9
$15.7
$18.2
$20.3
$23.9
$25.4
$26.4
$30.7
$33.5
$31.6
(6%)
24%
Non-Gold Cash Sweep
$1.0
$0.9
$0.8
$0.7
$0.7
$0.8
$0.6
$0.6
$0.7
$1.8
$2.0
$1.9
$1.2
(37%)
71%
Total Securities Lending Revenue ($M)
$25
$45
$48
$44
$34
$42
$65
$59
$70
$71
$112
$173
$132
(24%)
89%
See the "Definitions" page for definitions and additional information.
(1) Values shown represent the last month of the quarter indicated. Please refer to the "Definitions" page for full definition. (2) Starting in June 2025, Net Deposits include results from Bitstamp. Net Deposits do not include results from TradePMR. (3) Values shown are actual results, and may differ from the sum of monthly metrics due to rounding. (4) Refer to "Definitions" page for definition of Notional Trading Volume. (5) Values shown are actual results, and may differ from the average of monthly metrics due to rounding. (6) Crypto DARTs do not include Bitstamp Institutional activity. (7) Starting in December 2025, includes Robinhood Banking balances, which totaled $0.1B as of 12/31/2025.
Monthly KPIs
Robinhood Markets, Inc. and Consolidated Subsidiaries Monthly Metrics Report for December 2025 (Unaudited)
2022
2023
2024
2025
Change
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
M/M
Y/Y
(M - in millions, B - in billions)
Funded Customer Growth (M)
Funded Customers
22.9
23.0
23.0
23.0
23.1
23.1
23.1
23.1
23.2
23.2
23.2
23.3
23.3
23.3
23.4
23.5
23.6
23.9
24.0
24.1
24.2
24.2
24.3
24.3
24.4
24.8
25.2
25.5
25.6
25.8
25.9
25.9
26.5
26.7
26.7
26.8
27.1
26.9
27.0
-%
7%
Asset Growth ($B)
Total Platform Assets
$70.2
$70.2
$62.2
$74.7
$74.7
$78.4
$77.4
$81.8
$88.8
$94.5
$89.7
$86.5
$84.6
$94.4
$102.6
$102.4
$118.7
$129.6
$123.3
$135.0
$139.7
$144.5
$143.6
$152.2
$159.7
$194.6
$192.9
$203.7
$187.4
$220.6
$232.3
$255.3
$278.6
$298.0
$303.9
$332.7
$342.6
$324.5
$324.0
-%
68%
Net Deposits1
$1.6
$1.7
$1.5
$1.4
$1.5
$1.5
$1.4
$1.6
$1.1
$1.4
$1.6
$1.0
$1.0
$1.4
$2.2
$3.8
$3.6
$3.8
$4.9
$3.6
$4.7
$4.2
$3.3
$2.5
$5.2
$5.6
$5.3
$5.6
$4.8
$7.6
$6.8
$3.5
$3.5
$6.4
$4.8
$9.2
$5.6
$7.1
$3.2
NM
NM
Trading
Trading Days (Equities and Options)
21
21
21
20
19
23
19
22
21
20
23
20
22
21
20
21
20
20
22
22
19
22
22
20
23
20
21
20
19
21
21
21
20
22
21
21
23
19
22
16%
5%
Total Trading Volumes
Equity ($B)
$46.7
$44.7
$38.6
$46.0
$57.3
$56.8
$38.9
$49.4
$66.9
$69.2
$59.8
$44.2
$50.8
$52.9
$63.2
$59.3
$80.9
$84.7
$70.7
$86.8
$86.1
$104.4
$96.2
$85.5
$126.4
$147.1
$149.8
$144.7
$142.9
$125.6
$157.8
$180.5
$179.1
$209.1
$199.2
$238.8
$320.1
$201.5
$188.6
(6%)
26%
Options Contracts (M)
78.7
81.8
75.3
82.9
89.4
100.1
75.3
97.5
110.5
106.1
107.3
87.3
96.6
95.3
104.5
106.2
119.1
118.2
126.6
131.9
131.1
160.5
146.9
136.1
158.0
155.5
163.7
166.6
165.6
167.9
167.5
179.8
168.1
195.8
195.5
218.8
266.7
193.2
199.4
3%
22%
Crypto ($B)2
$3.5
$5.7
$1.9
$3.7
$3.5
$3.9
$3.7
$2.1
$3.3
$3.4
$2.2
$1.2
$2.3
$4.0
$6.5
$5.9
$6.5
$23.6
$10.1
$7.1
$4.3
$5.3
$5.4
$3.7
$5.6
$35.2
$30.2
$20.4
$14.4
$11.3
$8.6
$11.7
$14.7
$28.7
$28.1
$23.5
$32.5
$28.6
$21.2
(26%)
(30%)
Robinhood App ($B)
$3.5
$5.7
$1.9
$3.7
$3.5
$3.9
$3.7
$2.1
$3.3
$3.4
$2.2
$1.2
$2.3
$4.0
$6.5
$5.9
$6.5
$23.6
$10.1
$7.1
$4.3
$5.3
$5.4
$3.7
$5.6
$35.2
$30.2
$20.4
$14.4
$11.3
$8.6
$11.7
$8.0
$16.8
$13.7
$9.3
$13.9
$12.0
$8.1
(33%)
(73%)
Bitstamp ($B)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
$6.7
$11.9
$14.4
$14.2
$18.6
$16.6
$13.1
(21%)
NA
Event Contracts (B)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0.1
0.5
-
-
-
0.3
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.3
0.3
1.7
2.5
3.0
2.9
(3%)
NA
Daily Average Revenue Trades (DARTs) (M)
Equity DARTs
1.3
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.6
1.4
1.5
1.7
1.7
1.5
1.5
1.4
1.4
1.8
1.7
1.9
2.2
1.8
2.0
2.2
2.1
1.9
2.0
2.0
2.5
2.8
2.6
2.4
2.3
2.3
2.3
2.6
2.7
2.5
3.0
3.1
2.7
2.7
-%
(4%)
Option DARTs
0.6
0.6
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.7
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
1.0
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.1
1.2
1.2
1.1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.3
1.1
(15%)
10%
Crypto DARTs3
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.7
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.2
1.0
1.0
0.9
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.6
0.6
0.5
(17%)
(50%)
Customer Margin and Cash Sweep ($B)
Margin Book
$3.8
$3.5
$3.1
$3.0
$3.3
$3.1
$3.1
$3.1
$3.3
$3.4
$3.5
$3.6
$3.5
$3.4
$3.5
$3.6
$3.8
$4.1
$4.1
$4.5
$5.0
$5.4
$5.5
$5.5
$6.2
$6.8
$7.9
$8.3
$8.7
$8.8
$8.4
$9.0
$9.5
$11.4
$12.5
$13.9
$16.5
$16.8
$16.8
-%
113%
Total Cash Sweep
$3.8
$5.0
$5.8
$7.1
$8.0
$8.9
$9.6
$11.2
$11.9
$12.7
$13.3
$13.6
$13.9
$15.2
$16.4
$16.8
$18.1
$19.0
$19.1
$20.3
$20.9
$21.8
$22.8
$24.5
$25.5
$26.5
$26.1
$26.3
$26.2
$28.2
$28.9
$30.8
$32.7
$33.6
$34.1
$35.4
$34.2
$32.5
$32.8
1%
26%
Gold Cash Sweep4
$2.4
$3.9
$4.8
$6.0
$7.0
$8.0
$8.8
$10.4
$11.1
$11.9
$12.6
$12.9
$13.2
$14.5
$15.7
$16.1
$17.4
$18.2
$18.4
$19.6
$20.3
$21.2
$22.2
$23.9
$24.8
$25.7
$25.4
$25.6
$25.5
$26.4
$26.9
$28.8
$30.7
$31.7
$32.3
$33.5
$32.4
$31.4
$31.6
1%
24%
Non-Gold Cash Sweep
$1.4
$1.1
$1.0
$1.1
$1.0
$0.9
$0.8
$0.8
$0.8
$0.8
$0.7
$0.7
$0.7
$0.7
$0.7
$0.7
$0.7
$0.8
$0.7
$0.7
$0.6
$0.6
$0.6
$0.6
$0.7
$0.8
$0.7
$0.7
$0.7
$1.8
$2.0
$2.0
$2.0
$1.9
$1.8
$1.9
$1.8
$1.1
$1.2
9%
71%
Total Securities Lending Revenue ($M)
$7
$8
$10
$13
$17
$15
$18
$15
$15
$17
$17
$10
$11
$11
$12
$12
$13
$17
$21
$23
$21
$21
$20
$18
$19
$23
$28
$25
$22
$24
$25
$33
$54
$61
$53
$59
$60
$34
$38
12%
36%
See the "Definitions" page for definitions and additional information.
(1) Starting in June 2025, Net Deposits include results from Bitstamp. Net Deposits do not include results from TradePMR. (2) Refer to "Definitions" page for definition of Notional Trading Volume. (3) Crypto DARTs do not include Bitstamp Institutional activity. (4) Starting in December 2025, includes Robinhood Banking balances, which totaled $0.1B as of 12/31/2025.
Definitions
Key Performance Metrics
Funded Customers:
We define a Funded Customer as a unique person who has at least one account with a Robinhood entity and, within the past 45 calendar days (a) had an account balance that was greater than zero (excluding amounts that are deposited into a Funded Customer account by the Company with no action taken by the unique person) or (b) completed a transaction using any such account. Individuals who share a funded joint investing account (which launched in July 2024) are each considered to be a Funded Customer. Starting in Q1 2025, individuals who are customers of Registered Investment Advisors ("RIAs") that use the TradePMR platform, and, starting in June 2025, customers of Bitstamp, are also considered Funded Customers.
Total Platform Assets:
We define Total Platform Assets as the sum of the fair value of all equities, options, cryptocurrency, futures (including options on futures and swaps, including event contracts), cash held by users in their accounts, net of receivables from users (previously reported as Assets Under Custody), and any such assets managed by RIAs using TradePMR's platform that are not custodied by Robinhood, as of a stated date or period end on a trade date basis. Net Deposits and net market gains (losses) drive the change in Total Platform Assets in any given period. Starting in June 2025, the fair value of all cryptocurrency includes cryptocurrency on Bitstamp.
Net Deposits:
We define Net Deposits as all cash deposits and asset transfers from customers, as well as dividends, interest, staking rewards, and cash or assets earned in connection with Company promotions (such as account transfer and retirement match incentives, free stock bonuses) received by customers, net of reversals, customer cash withdrawals, margin and lending interest, Robinhood Gold subscription fees, and assets transferred off of our platforms for a stated period. Prior to the second quarter of 2024, Net Deposits did not include inflows from cash or assets earned in connection with Company promotions and prior to January 2024, Net Deposits did not include inflows from dividends and interest or outflows from Robinhood Gold subscription fees and margin interest, although we have not restated amounts in prior periods as the impact to those figures was immaterial. Starting in June 2025, Net Deposits include results from Bitstamp. Due to data limitations, we have not included TradePMR client figures in our Net Deposits key performance metric.
Additional Operating Metrics
Margin Book:
We define Margin Book as our period-end aggregate outstanding margin loan balances receivable (i.e., the period-end total amount we are owed by customers on loans made for the purchase of securities, supported by a pledge of assets in their margin-enabled brokerage accounts). This includes margin loan balances from customers of RIAs using TradePMR's platform.
Cash Sweep:
We define Cash Sweep as the period-end total amount of participating users' uninvested brokerage and banking cash that has been automatically "swept" or moved from their accounts into deposits for their benefit at a network of program banks. This is an off-balance-sheet amount. Robinhood earns a net interest spread on Cash Sweep balances based on the interest rate offered by the banks less the interest rate given to users as stated in our program terms. This includes balances from customers of RIAs using TradePMR's platform.
Notional Trading Volume:
We define Notional Trading Volume, or Notional Volume, for any specified asset class as the aggregate dollar value (purchase price or sale price as applicable) of trades executed in that asset class on our platforms over a specified period of time. Crypto Notional Volume includes both Robinhood App Notional Volume and, starting in June 2025, Bitstamp Notional Volume. Robinhood App Notional Volume represents the dollar value of executed crypto trades on the Robinhood platform over a specified period of time. Bitstamp Notional Volume represents the dollar value of executed crypto trades on the Bitstamp platform over a specified period of time. For example, each $1 of transaction value executed between a buyer and seller is counted as $1 of transaction value in the relevant period, rather than $2 if counted for each of the buyer and seller.
Options Contracts Traded:
We define Options Contracts Traded as the total number of options contracts bought or sold over a specified period of time. Each contract generally entitles the holder to trade 100 shares of the underlying stock.
Event Contracts Traded:
We define Event Contracts Traded as the total number of event contracts bought or sold over a specified period of time through our Prediction Markets Hub. Each contract can be traded at $0.01 increments up to $1 and is worth $1 upon settlement.
Total Trading Volumes:
Total Trading Volumes represent Notional Trading Volumes for Equity and Crypto, and Options Contracts Traded for Options, and Event Contracts Traded for Event Contracts.
Total Securities Lending Revenue:
Total Securities Lending Revenue includes net rebates and interest on cash collateral for both margin based and fully paid securities lending.
Monthly Active Users ("MAU"):
We define MAUs as the number of unique persons who, using one or more accounts with a Robinhood entity, meet one of the following criteria at any point during a specified calendar month: a) executes a debit card or credit card transaction, b) transitions between two different screens on a mobile device while logged into their account or c) loads a page in a web browser while logged into their account. A person need not satisfy these conditions on a recurring monthly basis or be a Funded Customer to be included in MAU. MAU figures in this supplement reflect MAU for the last month of the relevant period presented. We utilize MAU to measure how many customers interact with our products and services during a given month. MAU does not measure the frequency or duration of the interaction, but we consider it a useful indicator for engagement. Additionally, MAUs are positively correlated with, but are not indicative of, the performance of revenue and other key performance indicators.
Glossary Terms
Daily Average Revenue Trades ("DARTs"):
We define DARTs for any asset class as the total number of revenue generating retail trades for such asset class executed during a given period divided by the number of trading days for such asset class in that period. This does not include DARTs from Bitstamp Institutional.
The Quarterly KPIs and Monthly KPIs tabs disclose each quarter's or each month's, as applicable, number of trading days for equities and options. For crypto, the number of trading days is equal to the number of calendar days in the quarter or month.
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Disclaimer
Robinhood Markets Inc. published this content on February 10, 2026, and is solely responsible for the information contained herein. Distributed via Public Technologies (PUBT), unedited and unaltered, on February 10, 2026 at 21:38 UTC.
Robinhood Markets, Inc. specializes in the operation of mobile investment and financial services platforms for institutional investors and individuals. The group operates an online investment platform that allows clients to invest commission-free in stocks, Exchange Traded Funds (ETF), underlying assets, American Depository Receipts (ADRs), and to purchase shares in an initial public offering (IPO). At the same time, through its platform, the group offers automated transfer services of financial securities from a third-party trading account to the Robinhood trading venue. In addition, Robinhood Markets, Inc. operates a cryptocurrency trading platform (Bitcoin, Bitcoin Cash, Bitcoin SV, Dogecoin, Ethereum, Ethereum Classic and Litecoin) taking charge of real-time market data for 8 crypto-currencies. In addition, the group has a premium subscription platform allowing subscribers to access additional features (instant access to deposits, in-depth research reports on approximately 1,000 stocks via Morningstar, Nasdaq stock data, margin investing, securities lending, etc.), and a cash management platform. Net sales break down by type of income as follows:
- revenue from transactions (58.8%): primarily transactions in trading stock options (42.7% of revenues), cryptocurrencies (34.3%) and equities (11.5%);
- net interest income (37.6%): including interest income on securities lending operations, margin lending, margin loans, and cash and securities under separate management;
- other (7.4%).
At the end of 2025, Robinhood Markets, Inc. had USD 322.1 billion of assets under custody on behalf of 27 million monthly active users.
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